Inhibitors of influenza virus replication, application methods and uses thereof

ABSTRACT

The invention provides a novel class of compounds as inhibitors of influenza virus replication, preparation methods thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and uses of these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof in the manufacture of medicaments for treating of influenza.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a U.S. national stage application of the International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2017/099431, filed Aug. 29, 2017, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201610768227.X, filed Aug. 30, 2016, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

The invention provides a novel class of compounds as inhibitors of influenza virus replication, preparation methods thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and uses of these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof in the medicine for treatment of influenza. More specifically, the compounds of the invention can be used as inhibitors of influenza virus RNA polymerase.

BACKGROUND

Influenza (flu for short hereinafter) is an acute respiratory infectious disease and harmful to human health, which is caused by the influenza virus and characterized by high prevalence, widespread, rapid propagation. Influenza virus can cause serious symptoms in the elderly and children with weaker immune systems, and immunocompromised patients, such as pneumonia or cardiopulmonary failure. Influenza virus was first discovered by Wilson Smith, a British, who called influenza virus as H1N1. The H denotes hemagglutinin; the N denotes neuraminidase, and the numbers represent different types. Influenza virus has caused the global pandemic for many times since the discovery, and the outbreak of influenza virus happens every decade or so, which causes enormous losses in worldwide. Influenza spreads around the world in a yearly outbreak, resulting in about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths, and about three to five million cases of severe illness, and a total of about 5% to 15% of people in worldwide are infected. Every time a pandemic was due to the emergence of new strains in humans. Usually, these new strains are caused by the spread of existing influenza virus from other animal species to humans.

Influenza viruses are RNA viruses belong to the family of orthomyxoviridae, which belong to the genus of influenza virus. According to the differences of the virion nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix protein (M) antigenic characteristics and genetic characteristics, influenza viruses are divided into three types: A, B and C. The three types of influenza viruses have similar biochemical and biological characteristics. The virus particle is 80-120 nanometers in diameter and usually roughly spherical, although filamentous forms can occur. Virus is constituted with three layers, and the inner layer is the viral nucleocapsid containing nucleoprotein (NP), P protein and RNA. NP is a soluble antigen (S antigen) with type specificity and antigenic stability. P protein (P1, P2, P3) may be polymerase required for RNA transcription and replication. Middle viral envelope consists of a lipoid layer and a layer of membrane protein (MP), MP has antigenic stability and type specificity. Outer layer is a radial tuber consisting of two different glycoprotein projections, i.e., hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). H is a tool for viral absorption on sensitive cell surface which can cause agglutination of erythrocyte, N is a tool for breaking away from cell surface after the completing of virus replication, which is capable of hydrolyzing mucus protein and N-acetylneuraminic acid that locates at the end of cell surface specific glycoprotein receptor. H and N both have variation characteristics, and only have the strain specific antigen, the antibody of which has a protective effect.

Influenzavirus A has one species, influenza A virus. Wild aquatic birds are the natural hosts for a large variety of influenza A. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted to other species and may then cause devastating outbreaks in domestic poultry or give rise to human influenza pandemics. The type A virus is the most virulent human pathogen among the three influenza types and cause the severest disease, and can be transmitted to other species and may then cause human influenza pandemic. The influenza A virus can be subdivided into different serotypes based on the antibody response to these viruses. The serotypes that have been confirmed in humans, ordered by the number of known human pandemic deaths, are: H1N1, which caused Spanish Flu in 1918; H2N2, which caused Asian Flu in 1957; H3N2, which caused Hong Kong Flu in 1968; H5N1, which caused pandemic threats in the influenza season of 2007-2008; H7N7, which has unusual zoonotic potential; H1N2, endemic in humans and pigs; H9N2; H7N2; H7N3; and H10N7.

Influenzavirus B has one species, influenza B virus, which causes local epidemic influenza and can not cause the global influenza pandemic. The only animals known to be susceptible to influenza B infection are humans and the seal. This type of influenza mutates at a rate 2-3 times slower than type A and consequently is less genetically diverse, with only one influenza B serotype. As a result of this lack of antigenic diversity, a degree of immunity to influenza B is usually acquired at an early age. However, influenza B mutates enough that lasting immunity is not possible. This reduced rate of antigenic change, combined with its limited host range (inhibiting cross species antigenic shift), ensures that pandemics of influenza B do not occur.

Influenzavirus C has one species, influenza C virus, which exists in sporadic form, and usually only causes mild disease in children. Influenzavirus C usually can not cause influenza pandemic, and infect humans and pigs.

Unusually for a virus, its genome is not a single piece of nucleic acid; instead, it contains seven or eight pieces of segmented negative-sense RNA. The genome of influenza A viruses encodes 11 proteins: hemagglutinin (H), neuraminidase (N), nucleoprotein (N), M1, M2, NS1, NS2 (NEP), PA, PB1 (polymerase basic 1), PB1-F2 and PB2. Hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) are the two large glycoproteins on the outside of the viral particles. HA is a lectin that mediates binding of the virus to target cells and entry of the viral genome into the target cell, while NA is involved in the release of progeny virus from infected cells, by cleaving sugars that bind the mature viral particles. Thus, these proteins are targets for antiviral drugs. Furthermore, they are antigens to which antibodies can be raised. Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes based on antibody responses to H and N. These different types of HA and NA form the basis of the H and N distinctions in, for example, H5N1.

Vaccination and usage of antiviral drugs are important tools for responding to influenza pandemic. Due to the high mutation rate of the flu virus antigen, the vaccine can't be produced in large scale before influenza pandemic. The two classes of antiviral drugs used against influenza are M2 protein inhibitors (amantadine and rimantadine) and neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and Laninamivir). However, the influenza viruses have developed drug resistance to all these drugs. Therefore, continuing demand for new anti-influenza treatment agent is existing.

Favipiravir, a new antiviral agent, having a new mechanism, has been lanched, which plays antiviral action by inhibiting influenza virus RNA polymerase to target the inhibition of viral gene replication, but the therapeutic effect and the drug resistance of influenza viruses still need to be proved. Therefore, other compounds as anti-influenza agents of this mechanism still needed to be researched.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention discloses a novel class of compounds used as inhibitors of influenza virus RNA polymerase. These compounds and compositions thereof can be used in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing, managing, treating or lessening virus infection in patients.

In one aspect, provided herein is a compound having Formula (I) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof,

wherein A, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and W are as defined herein.

In some embodiments, A is

wherein U₁ is N or CR¹; U₂ is N or CR²; U₃ is N or CR³; U₄ is N or CR⁴;

each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ is independently H, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl or C₂₋₆ alkynyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl and C₂₋₆ alkynyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene or R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene;

each of R⁶ and R⁸ is independently H, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

R⁷ is —OR^(g), methyl, C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 16-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 16-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of methyl, C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 16-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 16-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

or, R⁶ and R⁷, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, or R⁷ and R⁸, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring or 5- to 10-membered heteroaromatic ring, and wherein each of C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring and 5- to 10-membered heteroaromatic ring is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

each R′ is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 8-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 8-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene or R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene;

R⁹ is H, D or C₁₋₆ alkyl, and wherein C₁₋₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂ or —OR^(b);

W is C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl or 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl and 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R^(w);

each R^(w) is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, oxo (═O), —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(h), —NR^(e)C(═O)R^(a), —NR^(e)C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —S(═O)₂R^(f), —S(═O)₂NR^(e)C(═O)R^(a), —S(═O)₂NR^(c)R^(d), (R^(b)O)₂P(═O)—C₀₋₂ alkylene, —OR^(b), R^(b)O—C₁₋₂ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl and 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, N₃, oxo (═O), NO₂, —OR^(b), C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;

each R^(a), R^(b), R^(c), R^(d), R^(e) and R^(f) is independently H, D, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene; or, R^(c) and R^(d), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl and 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, NO₂, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ alkylamino;

R^(g) is C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered hereocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered hereocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, NO₂, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ alkylamino;

R^(h) is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene; or R^(c) and R^(h), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl and 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, NO₂, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ alkylamino.

In other embodiments, A is one of the following sub-formulae:

wherein U₁, U₂, U₃, U₄, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are as defined herein.

In other embodiments, A is one of the following sub-formulae:

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are as defined herein.

In other embodiments, each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ is independently H, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl, and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and i-propyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d) and C₁₋₃ haloalkyl.

In other embodiments, each of R⁶ and R⁸ is independently H, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

R⁷ is —OR^(g), methyl, C₂₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 14-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of methyl, C₂₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 14-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

or, R⁶ and R⁷, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, or R⁷ and R⁸, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring or 5- to 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, and wherein each of C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring and 5- to 6-membered heteroaromatic ring is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

each R′ is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₃ haloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl.

In other embodiments, R⁷ is —OR^(g), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, phenoxathiinyl,

and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, phenoxathiinyl,

is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

or, R⁶ and R⁷, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, or R⁷ and R⁸, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl or isoquinolyl, and wherein each of the C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl and isoquinolyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′.

In other embodiments, R^(g) is C₁₋₃ haloalkyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, naphthyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₂ alkylene, and wherein each of ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₂ alkylene, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, naphthyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CF₃, —OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₃ or C₁₋₃ alkylamino.

In other embodiments, R⁹ is H, D, CF₃, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl.

In other embodiments, W is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₅₋₈ carbocyclyl or 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₅₋₈ carbocyclyl and 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R^(w);

each R^(w) is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, oxo (═O), —C(═O)OCH₃, —C(═O)OCH₂CH₃, —C(═O)OH, —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(h), —NHC(═O)R^(a), —NHC(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —S(═O)₂R^(f), —S(═O)₂NHC(═O)R^(a), —S(═O)₂NR^(c)R^(d), (R^(b)O)₂P(═O)—C₀₋₂ alkylene, —OR^(b), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl or 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl and 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, N₃, oxo (═O), NO₂, —OCH₃, C₁₋₃ alkyl or C₁₋₃ haloalkyl.

In other embodiments, W is one of the following sub-formulae:

wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and each R^(W) is as defined herein.

In other embodiments, each R^(a), R^(b), R^(c), R^(d), R^(e) and R^(f) is independently H, D, trifluoromethyl, methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene; or, R^(c) and R^(d), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₂ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₃ haloalkyl or methoxy.

In another aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the invention.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition provided herein further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, vehicle or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition provided herein further comprises one or more therapeutic agents.

In other embodiments, the therapeutic agent disclosed herein is an anti-influenza virus agent or anti-influenza virus vaccine.

In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of a liquid, solid, semi-solid, gel or spray.

In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, wherein the therapeutic agent is amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, laninamivir, laninamivir octanoate hydrate, favipiravir, arbidol, ribavirin, stachyflin, ingavirin, fludase, CAS no. 1422050-75-6, JNJ-872, an influenza vaccine (FluMist Quadrivalent®, Fluarix® Quadrivalent, Fluzone® Quadrivalent, Flucelvax® or FluBlok®) or a combination thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is use of the compound or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing, managing, treating or lessening a disorder or disease caused by a virus infection in a patient.

In some embodiments, the virus infection disclosed herein is an influenza virus infection.

In another aspect, provided herein is use of the compound or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting an influenza virus RNA polymerase.

In another aspect, provided herein is the compound or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein for use in preventing, managing, treating or lessening a disorder or disease caused by a virus infection in a patient.

In some embodiments, the virus infection disclosed herein is an influenza virus infection.

In another aspect, provided herein is the compound or the pharmaceutical composition for use in inhibiting an influenza virus RNA polymerase.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of preventing, managing, treating or lessening a disorder or disease caused by a virus infection in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the virus infection disclosed herein is an influenza virus infection.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of inhibiting an influenza virus RNA polymerase in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.

Unless otherwise stated, all stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, hydrates, metabolites, salts and pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of the compounds disclosed herein are within the scope of the invention.

In one embodiment, the salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to that the substance or composition must be chemically and/or toxicologically compatible with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, and/or the mammal being treated therewith.

The compound of the invention also embraces the salts thereof, and the salts are not necessarily pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and which may be useful as intermediates for preparing and/or purifying compounds of the invention and/or for separating enantiomers of compounds of the invention.

Furthermore, the compounds disclosed herein, including their salts, can also be obtained in the form of their hydrates, or include other solvents used for their crystallization. The compounds of the present invention may inherently or by design form solvates with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents (including water); therefore, it is intended that the invention embrace both solvated and unsolvated forms.

In another embodiment, the compound disclosed herein may contain several asymmetric centers and therefore exist in the form of racemic mixture generally described. Furthermore, it is intended that all racemic mixture, parts of the racemic mixture, and enantiomer and diastereomers purified by separation form part of the present invention.

The compounds disclosed herein may exists in the form of possible isomers, including rotamers, atropisomers, tautomer or a mixture thereof. It is intended that mixtures of isomers, including rotamers, atropisomers, tautomers, parts of the mixtures of isomers, rotamers, atropisomers, tautomers, and the isomers, including rotamers, atropisomers, tautomer purified by separation form part of the present invention.

In another aspect, the compounds of the invention include isotopically enriched compounds as defined herein, for example those into which radioactive isotopes, such as ³H, ¹⁴C and ¹⁸F, or those into which non-radioactive isotopes, such as ²H and ¹³C are present.

In other aspect, provided herein is a method of preparing, separating or purifying the compound of Formula (I).

The foregoing merely summarizes certain aspects disclosed herein and is not intended to be limiting in nature. These aspects and other aspects and embodiments are described more fully below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions and General Terminology

Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying structures and formulas. The invention is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents which may be included within the scope of the present invention. One skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present invention. The present invention is in no way limited to the methods and materials described herein. In the event that one or more of the incorporated literature, patents, and similar materials differs from or contradicts this application, including but not limited to defined terms, term usage, described techniques, or the like, this application controls.

It is further appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, can also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, can also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one skilled in the art to which this invention belongs. All patents and publications referred to herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

As used herein, the following definitions shall be applied unless otherwise indicated. For purposes disclosed herein, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, and the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75 th Ed. 1994. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry are described in Sorrell et al., “Organic Chemistry”, University Science Books, Sausalito: 1999, and “March's Advanced Organic Chemistry”, by Michael B. Smith and Jerry March, John Wiley & Sons, New York: 2007, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

As used herein, the term “subject” refers to an animal. Typically the animal is a mammal. The subject also refers to for example, primates (e.g., humans), cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, mice, fish, birds and the like. In certain embodiments, the subject is a primate. In other embodiments, the subject is a human.

The term “subject” can be used interchangeably with “patient” in the invention. The term “subject” and “patient” refer to animals (eg., birds such as chicken, quail or turkey, or mammals), specially mammals including non-primates (eg., cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, dogs, cats and mice) and primates (eg., monkeys, chimpanzees and humans), more specially humans. In some embodiments, the subject is a non-human animal, such as livestock (eg., horses, cattle, pigs or sheep) or pet (eg., dogs, cats, guinea pigs or rabbits). In one embodiment, “patient” refers to a human.

Any formula given herein is also intended to represent isotopically unenriched forms as well as isotopically enriched forms of the compounds. Isotopically enriched compounds have structures depicted by the formulas given herein except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, and chlorine, such as ²H, ³H, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁶O, ¹⁷O, ³¹P, ³²P, ³⁶S, ¹⁸F and ³⁷Cl, respectively.

The compounds disclosed herein containing isotopes described above or other atom isotopes and pharmaceutical salts thereof are included within the scope of the present invention. Certain isotopically-labeled compounds of the present invention, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as ³H or ¹⁴C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays. Because of easy preparation and detection, isotopes such as tritiated, i.e., ³H, and carbon-14, i.e., ¹⁴C are preferred. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes, particularly deuterium (i.e., ²H or D) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements or an improvement in therapeutic index. Therefore, the heavier isotopes may be preferred in somewhere.

Stereochemical definitions and conventions used herein generally follow the definition of S. P Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms (1984) McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York; and Eliel, E. and Wilen, S., “Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994. The compounds disclosed herein may contain asymmetric or chiral centers, and therefore exist in different stereoisomeric forms. It is intended that all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds disclosed herein, including, but not limited to, diastereomers, enantiomers and atropisomers, as well as mixtures thereof such as racemic mixtures, form part of the present invention. Many organic compounds exist in optically active forms, i.e., they have the ability to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. In describing an optically active compound, the prefixes D and L, or R and S, are used to denote the absolute configuration of the molecule about its chiral center(s). The prefixes d and 1 or (+) and (−) are employed to designate the sign of rotation of plane-polarized light by the compound, with (−) or 1 meaning that the compound is levorotatory. A compound prefixed with (+) or d is dextrorotatory. For a given chemical structure, different optically active compounds are called stereoisomers and are identical except that they are mirror images of one another. A specific stereoisomer may be referred to as an enantiomer, and a mixture of such isomers is often called an enantiomeric mixture. A 50:50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to as a racemic mixture or a racemate, which may occur where there has been no stereoselection or stereospecificity in a chemical reaction or process.

Depending on the choice of the starting materials and procedures, the compounds can be present in the form of one of the possible stereoisomers or as mixtures thereof, such as racemates and diastereoisomer mixtures, depending on the number of asymmetric carbon atoms. Optically active (R)- and (S)-isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques. If the compound contains a double bond, the substituent may be E or Z configuration. If the compound contains a disubstituted cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl substituent may have a cis- or trans-configuration.

The compounds disclosed herein may contain asymmetric or chiral centers, and therefore exist in different stereoisomeric forms. It is intended that all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds disclosed herein, including but not limited to, diastereomers, enantiomers, atropisomers and geometric (conformational) isomers as well as mixtures thereof such as racemic mixtures, form part of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specified, the Formula described herein also contain all the isomers thereof (such as, enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers and geometric (conformational) isomers; such as all (R)- and (S)-isomers, (Z) and (E) isomers around the double bond, (Z) and (E) conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, or geometric mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope disclosed herein.

The term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. Where tautomerization is possible (e.g. in solution), a chemical equilibrium of tautomers can be reached. For example, proton tautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol and imine-enamine isomerizations. Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons. A specific example of keto-enol tautomerization is the interconversion of pentane-2,4-dione and 4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one tautomers. Another example of tautomerization is phenol-keto tautomerization. The specific example of phenol-keto tautomerisms is pyridin-4-ol and pyridin-4(1H)-one tautomerism. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds disclosed herein are within the scope of the invention.

An “N-oxide” refers to one or more than one nitrogen atoms oxidised to form an N-oxide or N-oxides, where a compound contains several amine functions. Particular examples of N-oxides are the N-oxides of a tertiary amine or a nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heterocycle. N-oxides can be formed by treatment of the corresponding amine with an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide or a per-acid (e.g. a peroxycarboxylic acid) (See, Advanced Organic Chemistiy, by Jerry March, 4th Edition, Wiley Interscience, pages). More particularly, N-oxides can be made by the procedure of L. W. Deady (Syn. Comm. 1977, 7, 509-514) in which the amine compound is reacted with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA), for example, in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

The term “solvate” refers to an association or complex of one or more solvent molecules and a compound disclosed herein. Some non-limiting examples of the solvent that form solvates include water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate, acetic acid and ethanolamine. The term “hydrate” refers to the complex where the solvent molecule is water.

A “metabolite” is a product produced through metabolism in the body of a specified compound or salt thereof. The metabolites of a compound may be identified using routine techniques known in the art and their activities determined using tests such as those described herein. Such products may result for example from oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, deamidation, esterification, deesterification, enzyme cleavage, and the like, of the administered compound. Accordingly, the invention includes metabolites of compounds disclosed herein, including metabolites produced by contacting a compound disclosed herein with a mammal for a sufficient time period.

A “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to organic or inorganic salts of a compound disclosed herein. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge et al., describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66: 1-19, which is incorporated herein by reference. Some non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable and nontoxic salts include salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid and malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphanic acid salt, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, laurylsulfate, malate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N+(C₁₋₄ alkyl)₄ salts. This invention also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Water or oilsoluble or dispersable products may be obtained by such quaternization. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, C₁₋₈ sulfonate or aryl sulfonate.

The term “prodrug” refers to a compound that is transformed in vivo into a compound of Formula (I). Such a transformation can be affected, for example, by hydrolysis of the prodrug form in blood or enzymatic transformation to the parent form in blood or tissue. Prodrugs of the compounds disclosed herein may be, for example, esters. Some common esters which have been utilized as prodrugs are phenyl esters, aliphatic (C₁-C₂₄) esters, acyloxymethyl esters, carbonates, carbamates and amino acid esters. For example, a compound disclosed herein that contains a hydroxy group may be acylated at this position in its prodrug form. Other prodrug forms include phosphates, such as, those phosphate compounds derived from the phosphonation of a hydroxy group on the parent compound. A thorough discussion of prodrugs is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, Edward B. Roche, ed., Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, J. Rautio et al., Prodrugs: Design and Clinical Applications, Nature Review Drug Discovery, 2008, 7, 255-270, and S. J. Hecker et al., Prodrugs of Phosphates and Phosphonates, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2008, 51, 2328-2345, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Any asymmetric atom (e.g., carbon or the like) of the compound(s) disclosed herein can be present in racemic or enantiomerically enriched, for example the (R)-, (S)- or (R,S)-configuration. In certain embodiments, each asymmetric atom has at least 50% enantiomeric excess, at least 60% enantiomeric excess, at least 70% enantiomeric excess, at least 80% enantiomeric excess, at least 90% enantiomeric excess, at least 95% enantiomeric excess, or at least 99% enantiomeric excess in the (R)- or (S)-configuration. If the compound contains a double bond, the substituent may be cis-(Z) or trans-(E) configuration.

Therefore, as the invention described, the compound disclosed herein may exist in the form of any possible isomer, such as rotational isomer, atropisomer, tautomer, or a mixture thereof, i.e., substantially pure geometric (cis- or trans-) isomer, diastereoisomer, optical isomer (enantiomer), racemate or a mixture thereof.

Any resulting mixtures of stereoisomers can be separated on the basis of the physicochemical differences of the constituents, into the pure or substantially pure geometric isomers, optical isomers, diastereoisomers, racemate, for example, by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.

Any resulting racemates of final products or intermediates can be resolved into the optical antipodes by methods known to those skilled in the art, e.g., by separation of the diastereomeric salts thereof. Racemic products can also be resolved by chiral chromatography, e.g., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a chiral adsorbent. Preferred enantiomers can also be prepared by asymmetric syntheses. See, for example, Jacques, et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981); Principles of Asymmetric Synthesis (2nd Ed. Robert E. Gawley, Jeffrey Aubé, Elsevier, Oxford, U K, 2012); Eliel, E. L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, N Y, 1962); Wilen, S. H. Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E. L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind. 1972).

As described herein, compounds disclosed herein may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents, such as are illustrated generally below, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses, and species of the invention. It will be appreciated that the phrase “optionally substituted” is used interchangeably with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted”. The term “optional” or “optionally” refers to that a subsequently described event or circumstance may but need not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. In general, whenever the term “optionally” is or is not before the term “substituted” refers to the unreplacement or replacement of one or more hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an optionally substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group. When more than one position in a given structure can be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at each position. Substituents described herein may be, but are not limited to, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, N₃, OH, NH₂, NO₂, oxo (═O), —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(h), —NR^(e)C(═O)R^(a), —NR^(e)C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —S(═O)₂R^(f), —S(═O)₂NR^(e)C(═O)R^(a), —S(═O)₂NR^(c)R^(d), (R^(b)O)₂P(═O)—C₀₋₂ alkylene, —OR^(b), —OR^(g), —NR^(c)R^(d), R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 16-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 16-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein R^(a), R^(b), R^(c), R^(d), R^(e), R^(f), R^(g) and R^(h) are as defined herein.

Furthermore, what need to be explained is that the phrase “each . . . is independently” and “each of . . . and . . . is independently”, unless otherwise stated, should be broadly understood. The specific options expressed by the same symbol are independent of each other in different groups; or the specific options expressed by the same symbol are independent of each other in same groups.

At various places in the present specification, substituents of compounds disclosed herein are disclosed in groups or in ranges. It is specifically intended that the invention include each and every individual subcombination of the members of such groups and ranges. For example, the term “C₁₋₆ alkyl” is specifically intended to individually disclose methyl, ethyl, C₃ alkyl, C₄ alkyl, C₅ alkyl, and C₆ alkyl.

At various places in the present specification, linking substituents are described. Where the structure clearly requires a linking group, the Markush variables listed for that group are understood to be linking groups. For example, if the structure requires a linking group and the Markush group definition for that variable lists “alkyl” or “aryl” then it is understood that the “alkyl” or “aryl” represents a linking alkylene group or arylene group, respectively.

The term “alkyl” or “alkyl group” refers to a saturated linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Unless otherwise specified, the alkyl group contains 1-20 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-12 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-10 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-9 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-8 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-6 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 2-6 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 2-4 carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-4 carbon atoms. In yet other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-3 carbon atoms.

Some non-limiting examples of the alkyl group include, methyl (Me, —CH₃), ethyl (Et, —CH₂CH₃), n-propyl (n-Pr, —CH₂CH₂CH₃), isopropyl (i-Pr, —CH(CH₃)₂), n-butyl (n-Bu, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), isobutyl (i-Bu, —CH₂CH(CH₃)₂), sec-butyl (s-Bu, —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃), tert-butyl (t-Bu, —C(CH₃)₃), n-pentyl (—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), 2-pentyl (—CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃), 3-pentyl (—CH(CH₂CH₃)₂), 2-methyl-2-butyl (—C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₃), 3-methyl-2-butyl (—CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)₂), 3-methyl-1-butyl (—CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂), 2-methyl-1-butyl (—CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃), n-hexyl (—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), 2-hexyl (—CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), 3-hexyl (—CH(CH₂CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH₃)), 2-methyl-2-pentyl (—C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), 3-methyl-2-pentyl (—CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃), 4-methyl-2-pentyl (—CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)₂), 3-methyl-3-pentyl (—C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃)₂), 2-methyl-3-pentyl (—CH(CH₂CH₃)CH(CH₃)₂), 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (—C(CH₃)₂CH(CH₃)₂), 3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (—CH(CH₃)C(CH₃)₃, n-heptyl and n-octyl, etc. Wherein the alkyl group can be independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents described herein.

The term “alkyl” or the prefix “alk-” is inclusive of both straight chain and branched saturated carbon chain.

The term “alkylene” refers to a saturated divalent hydrocarbon group derived from a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon by the removal of two hydrogen atoms. Unless otherwise stated, the alkylene group contains 1-10 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the alkylene group contains 1-6 carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, the alkylene group contains 1-4 carbon atoms. In yet other embodiments, the alkylene group contains 1-2 carbon atoms. Such alkylene group is exemplified by methylene (—CH₂—), ethylene (—CH₂CH₂—), isopropylene (—CH(CH₃)CH₂—), and the like. Wherein the alkylene group may be independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents described herein.

The term “alkenyl” refers to a linear or branched chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e., a carbon-carbon, sp² double bond, wherein the alkenyl radical may be independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents described herein, and includes radicals having “cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” orientations. Examples of the alkenyl group include, but are not limited to, vinyl (—CH═CH₂), allyl (—CH₂CH═CH₂), and the like.

The term “alkynyl” refers to a linear or branched chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e., a carbon-carbon, sp triple bond, wherein the alkynyl radical is independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents described herein. Examples of alkynyl group include, but are not limited to, acetenyl (—C≡CH), propargyl (—CH₂C≡CH), 1-propynyl (—C≡C—CH3), and the like.

The term “alkoxy” refers to an alkyl group, as previously defined, attached to the parent molecular moiety via an oxygen atom. Unless otherwise specified, the alkyl group contains 1-20 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-10 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-8 carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-6 carbon atoms. In yet other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-4 carbon atoms and in still yet other embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1-3 carbon atoms.

Some non-limiting examples of alkoxy group include, methoxy (MeO, —OCH₃), ethoxy (EtO, —OCH₂CH₃), 1-propoxy (n-PrO, n-propoxy, —OCH₂CH₂CH₃), 2-propoxy (i-PrO, i-propoxy, —OCH(CH₃)₂), 1-butoxy (n-BuO, n-butoxy, —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), 2-methyl-1-propoxy (i-BuO, i-butoxy, —OCH₂CH(CH₃)₂), 2-butoxy (s-BuO, s-butoxy, —OCH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃), 2-methyl-2-propoxy (t-BuO, t-butoxy, —OC(CH₃)₃), 1-pentoxy (n-pentoxy, —OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃), 2-pentoxy (—OCH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₃), 3-pentoxy (—OCH(CH₂CH₃)₂), 2-methyl-2-butoxy (—OC(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₃), 3-methyl-2-butoxy (—OCH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)₂), 3-methyl-1-butoxy (—OCH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂), 2-methyl-1-butoxy (—OCH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃), and the like. Wherein the alkoxy group is independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents disclosed herein.

The terms “haloalkyl”, “haloalkenyl” or “haloalkoxy” refer to alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy, as the case may be, substituted with one or more halogen atoms. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl group contains 1-10 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the haloalkyl group contains 1-8 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the haloalkyl group contains 1-6 carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, the haloalkyl group contains 1-4 carbon atoms. In yet other embodiments, the haloalkyl group contains 1-3 carbon atoms. Some non-limiting examples of the haloalkyl group and haloalkoxy group include trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and the like.

The term “carbocycle”, “carbocyclyl”, “carbocyclic” or “carbocyclic ring” used interchangeably herein refers to a ring having 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms, which is saturated or contains one or more units of unsaturation. In some embodiments, the number of carbon atom is 3 to 12; in other embodiments, the number of carbon atom is 3 to 10; in other embodiments, the number of carbon atom is 3 to 8; in other embodiments, the number of carbon atom is 3 to 6; in other embodiments, the number of carbon atom is 5 to 6; in other embodiments, the number of carbon atom is 5 to 8; in other embodiments, the number of carbon atom is 6 to 8. The “carbocyclyl” includes a monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic fused ring, spiro ring or bridged ring system, and a polycyclic ring system containing one carbocyclic ring fused with one or more non-aromatic carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring, or one or more aromatic ring, or a combination thereof, wherein the linked group or point exists on carbocyclic ring. The bicyclic carbocyclyl groups includes bridged bicyclic carbocyclyl, fused bicyclic carbocyclyl and spiro bicyclic carbocyclyl group, and fused bicyclic system contains two rings which share two adjacent ring atoms. Bridged bicyclic group contains two rings which share three or four adjacent ring atoms. Spiro bicyclic system contains two ring which share one ring atom. Some non-limiting examples of the carbocyclyl group include cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and cycloalkynyl. Further examples of carbocyclyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl, 1-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, cyclododecyl, and the like. Bridged carbocyclyl group includes, but are not limited to, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, bicyclo[3.2.3]nonyl, and the like.

The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated ring having 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms as a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring system, which has one or more attachments attaching to the rest of the molecule. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group contains 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the cycloalkyl group contains 5 to 8 ring carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, the cycloalkyl group contains 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms. In yet other embodiments, the cycloalkyl group contains 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl group include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and the like. The cycloalkyl radical is independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents described herein.

The term “heterocycle”, “heterocyclyl”, or “heterocyclic ring” as used interchangeably herein refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated non-aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring containing 3-12 ring atoms of which at least one ring atom is selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, and the heterocyclyl group is non-aromatic and there is no any aromatic ring existing in it, which may has one or more attachments attached to the rest of the molecule. The term “heterocyclyl” includes a monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic fused, spiro, bridged heterocyclic ring system. Biheterocyclyl radical includes bridged biheterocyclyl, fused biheterocyclyl and spiro biheterocyclyl. Unless otherwise specified, the heterocyclyl group may be carbon or nitrogen linked, and a —CH₂— group can be optionally replaced by a —C(═O)— group. In which, the sulfur can be optionally oxygenized to S-oxide, and the nitrogen can be optionally oxygenized to N-oxide. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl group; in other embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl group; in other embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclyl group; in other embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl group; in other embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a 6- to 8-membered heterocyclyl group; in other embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl group; in other embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a 4-membered heterocyclyl group; in other embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a 5-membered heterocyclyl group; in other embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a 6-membered heterocyclyl group; in other embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a 7-membered heterocyclyl group; in other embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a 8-membered heterocyclyl group.

Some non-limiting examples of the heterocyclyl group include oxiranyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, dihydrothienyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, dithiolanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dithianyl, thioxanyl, homopiperazinyl, homopiperidinyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, and the like. Some non-limiting examples of heterocyclyl wherein —CH₂— group is replaced by —C(═O)— moiety include 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxo-1,3-thiazolidinyl, 2-piperidinonyl, 3,5-dioxopiperidinyl, pyrimidinedione-yl, and the like. Some non-limiting examples of heterocyclyl wherein the ring sulfur atom is oxidized is sulfolanyl and 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl. Some non-limiting examples of the bridged heterocyclyl group include, 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, and the like. The heterocyclyl group may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents disclosed herein.

The term “bridged” refers to a bond, an atom or an unbranched atoms chain connecting two different parts of a molecule. The two atoms (usually but not always two tertiary carbon atoms) linked by the bridge denotes “bridgeheads”.

The term “m-membered”, where m is an integer typically describes the number of ring-forming atoms in a moiety where the number of ring-forming atoms is m. For example, piperidinyl is an example of a 6 membered heterocyclyl and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalene is an example of a 10 membered carbocyclyl group.

The term “heteroatom” refers to one or more of O, S, N, P and S), including any oxidized form of N, S, or P; the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen; or a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, for example, N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or NR (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).

The term “halogen” refers to F, Cl, Br or I.

The term “azido” or “N₃” refers to an azide moiety. This radical may be attached, for example, to a methyl group to form azidomethane (methyl azide, MeN₃); or attached to a phenyl group to form phenyl azide (PhN₃).

The term “aryl” used alone or as a great part of “arylalkyl”, “arylalkoxy”, or “aryloxyalkyl” refers to monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic carbocyclic ring systems having a total of 6 to 14 ring members, or 6 to 12 ring members, or 6 to 10 ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic, wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members and that has a single point or multipoint of attachment to the rest of the molecule. The term “aryl” may be used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring” or “aromatic ring”. Some non-limiting examples of the aryl group include phenyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl, naphthyl and anthracene. The aryl group may be optionally unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents disclosed herein.

The term “heteroaryl” used alone or as a great part of “heteroarylalkyl” or “heteroarylalkoxy”, refers to monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems having a total of five to sixteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic, and in which at least one ring member is selected from heteroatom, and that has a single point or multipoint of attachment to the rest of the molecule. When a —CH₂— group exists in the heteroaryl group, the —CH₂— group can be optionally replaced by a —C(═O)— group. The term “heteroaryl” and “heteroaromatic ring” or “heteroaromatic compound” can be used interchangeably herein. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl group is a 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl group is a 5- to 12-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl group is a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl group is a 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl group is a 5- to 7-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl group is a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl group is a 5-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl group is a 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N.

Some non-limiting examples of the heteroaryl group include the following monocyclic group: 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl, N-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, N-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl (e.g., 3-pyridazinyl), 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, tetrazolyl (e.g., 5H-tetrazolyl, 2H-tetrazolyl), triazolyl (e.g., 2-triazolyl, 5-triazolyl, 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-1,2,4-triazolyl and 1,2,3-triazolyl), 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, pyrazolyl (e.g., 2-pyrazolyl and 3-pyrazolyl), isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, and the following bicycles, but are not limited to: indolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuryl, benzothiophenyl, indolyl (e.g., 2-indolyl), purinyl, quinolinyl (e.g., 2-quinolinyl, 3-quinolinyl, 4-quinolinyl), isoquinolinyl (e.g., 1-isoquinolinyl, 3-isoquinolinyl or 4-isoquinolinyl), phenoxathianyl,

The heteroaryl group is optionally substituted with one or more substituents disclosed herein.

The terms “carboxy” or “carboxyl”, whether used alone or with other terms, such as “carboxyalkyl”, refer to —CO₂H.

The term “carbonyl”, whether used alone or with other terms, such as “aminocarbonyl”, “acyloxy”, denotes —(C═O)—.

The term “alkylamino” refers to “N-alkylamino” and “N,N-dialkylamino” wherein amino groups are independently substituted with one alkyl radical or two alkyl radicals, respectively. In some embodiments, the alkylamino group is a lower alkylamino group having one or two C₁₋₆ alkyl groups attached to nitrogen atom. In other embodiments, the alkylamino group is a C₁₋₃ lower alkylamino group. Suitable alkylamino radical may be monoalkylamino or dialkylamino. Examples of the alkylamino radical include, but are not limited to, N-methylamino, N-ethylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, and the like.

The term “arylamino” refers to an amino group substituted with one or two aryl groups. Some non-limiting examples of such group included N-phenylamino. In some embodiments, the aryl group of the arylamino may be further substituted.

The term “aminoalkyl” refers to a C₁₋₁₀ linear or branched-chain alkyl group substituted with one or more amino groups. In some embodiments, the aminoalkyl is a C₁₋₆ lower aminoalkyl derivated from an alkyl group which is substituted with one or more amino groups. Some non-limiting examples of the aminoalkyl group include aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, aminobutyl and aminohexyl.

As described herein, a bond drawn from a substituent to the center of one ring within a ring system represents substitution of substituents at any substitutable position on the rings, and wherein the ring system includes mono-, bi- or polycyclic ring system. For example, formula a represents substitution of substituents at any substitutable position on the cyclic ring system, i.e., formula b-1 to formula b-8:

As described herein, a bond drawn from a substituent to the center of one ring within a ring system represents the bond can attach to the rest of the molecule at any attachable position on the rings. For example, formula c represents substitution of substituents at any substitutable position on the ring, i.e., formula d-1 and formula d-2.

The term “unsaturated” refers to a moiety having one or more units of unsaturation.

The term “comprising” or “comprise” is meant to be open ended, including the indicated component but not excluding other elements.

As described herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes any solvents, dispersion media, coating agents, surfactants, antioxidants, preservatives (e.g., antibacterial agents, antifungal agents), isotonic agents, salt, drug stabilizers, binders, excipients, dispersants, lubricants, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents, or a combination thereof, all of which are well known to the skilled in the art. (e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Ed. Mack Printing Company, 1990, pp. 1289-1329, all of which are incorporated herein by reference). Except any conventional carrier is incompatible with the active ingredient, the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are effectively used in the treatment or pharmaceutical compositions.

As used herein, the term “inhibition of the replication of influenza viruses” includes both the reduction in the amount of virus replication (e.g., the reduction by at least 10%) and the complete arrest of virus replication (i.e., 100% reduction in the amount of virus replication). In some embodiments, the replication of influenza viruses are inhibited by at least 50%, at least 65%, at least 75%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95%.

As used herein, an “effective amount” refers to an amount sufficient to elicit the desired biological response. In the present invention, the desired biological response is to inhibit the replication of influenza virus, to reduce the amount of influenza viruses or to reduce or ameliorate the severity, duration, progression, or onset of a influenza virus infection, prevent the advancement of an influenza virus infection, prevent the recurrence, development, onset or progression of a symptom associated with an influenza virus infection, or enhance or improve the prophylactic or therapeutic effect(s) of another therapy used against influenza infections. The precise amount of compound administered to a subject will depend on the mode of administration, the type and severity of the infection and on the characteristics of the subject, such as general health, age, sex, body weight and tolerance to drugs. The skilled artisan will be able to determine appropriate dosages depending on these and other factors. When co-administered with other anti viral agents, e.g., when co-administered with an anti-influenza medication, an “effective amount” of the second agent will depend on the type of drug used. Suitable dosages are known for approved agents and can be adjusted by the skilled artisan according to the condition of the subject, the type of condition(s) being treated and the amount of a compound described herein being used. In cases where no amount is expressly noted, an effective amount should be assumed. For example, compounds described herein can be administered to a subject in a dosage range from between approximately 0.01 to 100 mg/kg body weight/day for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment.

As used herein, the terms “treat”, “treatment” and “treating” refer to both therapeutic and prophylactic treatments. For example, therapeutic treatments includes the reduction or amelioration of the progression, severity and/or duration of influenza viruses mediated conditions, or the amelioration of one or more symptoms (specifically, one or more discernible symptoms) of influenza viruses mediated conditions, resulting from the administration of one or more therapies (e.g., one or more therapeutic agents such as a compound or composition of the invention). In specific embodiments, the therapeutic treatment includes the amelioration of at least one measurable physical parameter of an influenza virus mediated condition. In other embodiments the therapeutic treatment includes the inhibition of the progression of an influenza virus mediated condition, either physically by, e.g., stabilization of a discernible symptom, physiologically by, e.g., stabilization of a physical parameter, or both. In other embodiments the therapeutic treatment includes the reduction or stabilization of influenza viruses mediated infections. Antiviral drugs can be used in the community setting to treat people who already have influenza to reduce the severity of symptoms and reduce the number of days that they are sick.

The term “protecting group” or “PG” refers to a substituent that is commonly employed to block or protect a particular functionality while reacting with other functional groups on the compound. For example, an “amino-protecting group” is a substituent attached to an amino group that blocks or protects the amino functionality in the compound. Suitable amino-protecting groups include acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, p-toluenesulfonyl (Ts), t-butoxy-carbonyl (BOC, Boc), benzyloxycarbonyl (CBZ, Cbz) and 9-fluorenylmethylenoxy-carbonyl (Fmoc). Similarly, a “hydroxy-protecting group” refers to a substituent of a hydroxy group that blocks or protects the hydroxy functionality. Suitable protecting groups include acetyl and silyl. A “carboxy-protecting group” refers to a substituent of the carboxy group that blocks or protects the carboxy functionality. Common carboxy-protecting groups include —CH₂CH₂SO₂Ph, cyanoethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl) ethoxy-methyl, 2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)ethyl, 2-(p-nitrophenylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl, nitroethyl and the like. For a general description of protecting groups and their use, see T. W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991; and P. J. Kocienski, Protecting Groups, Thieme, Stuttgart, 2005.

DESCRIPTION OF COMPOUNDS OF THE INVENTION

The invention discloses a novel class of compounds used as inhibitors of influenza virus RNA polymerase. These compounds and compositions thereof can be used in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing, managing, treating or lessening virus infection in patients.

In one aspect, provided herein is a compound having Formula (I) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof,

wherein A, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and W are as defined herein.

In some embodiments, A is

wherein U₁ is N or CR¹; U₂ is N or CR²; U₃ is N or CR³; U₄ is N or CR⁴;

each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ is independently H, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl or C₂₋₆ alkynyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl and C₂₋₆ alkynyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene or R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene;

each of R⁶ and R⁸ is independently H, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

R⁷ is —OR^(g), methyl, C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 16-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 16-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of methyl, C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 16-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 16-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

or, R⁶ and R⁷, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, or R⁷ and R⁸, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring or 5- to 10-membered heteroaromatic ring, and wherein each of C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring and 5- to 10-membered heteroaromatic ring is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

each R′ is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 8-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 8-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene or R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene;

R⁹ is H, D or C₁₋₆ alkyl, and wherein C₁₋₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂ or —OR^(b);

W is C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl or 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl and 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R^(w);

each R^(w) is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, oxo (═O), —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(h), —NR^(e)C(═O)R^(a), —NR^(e)C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —S(═O)₂R^(f), —S(═O)₂NR^(e)C(═O)R^(a), —S(═O)₂NR^(c)R^(d), (R^(b)O)₂P(═O)—C₀₋₂ alkylene, —OR^(b), R^(b)O—C₁₋₂ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl and 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, N₃, oxo (═O), NO₂, —OR^(b), C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;

each R^(a), R^(b), R^(c), R^(d), R^(e) and R^(f) is independently H, D, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene; or, R^(c) and R^(d), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl and 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, NO₂, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ alkylamino;

R^(g) is C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered hereocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered hereocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, NO₂, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ alkylamino;

R^(h) is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene; or R^(c) and R^(h), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl and 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, NO₂, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ alkylamino.

In other embodiments, A is one of the following sub-formulae:

wherein U₁, U₂, U₃, U₄, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are as defined herein.

In other embodiments, A is one of the following sub-formulae:

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are as defined herein.

In other embodiments, provided herein is a compound having Formula (II) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof,

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and W are as defined herein.

In other embodiments, provided herein is a compound having Formula (III) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof,

wherein R¹, R³, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and W are as defined herein.

In other embodiments, provided herein is a compound having Formula (IV) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof,

wherein R¹, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and W are as defined herein.

In other embodiments, provided herein is a compound having Formula (V) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof,

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and W are as defined herein.

In other embodiments, provided herein is a compound having Formula (VI) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof,

wherein R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and W are as defined herein.

In other embodiments, provided herein is a compound having Formula (VII) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof,

wherein R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and W are as defined herein.

In other embodiments, each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ is independently H, D, F, C, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl, and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and i-propyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d) and C₁₋₃ haloalkyl.

In other embodiments, each of R⁶ and R⁸ is independently H, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

R⁷ is —OR^(g), methyl, C₂₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 14-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of methyl, C₂₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 14-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

or, R⁶ and R⁷, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, or R⁷ and R⁸, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring or 5- to 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, and wherein each of C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring and 5- to 6-membered heteroaromatic ring is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′.

In other embodiments, each R′ is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₃ haloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl.

In other embodiments, R⁷ is —OR^(g), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, phenoxathiinyl,

and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, phenoxathiinyl,

is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′;

or, R⁶ and R⁷, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, or R⁷ and R⁸, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl or isoquinolyl, and wherein each of the C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl and isoquinolyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′.

In other embodiments, R^(g) is C₁₋₃ haloalkyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, naphthyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene, and wherein each of ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₂ alkylene, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, naphthyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CF₃, —OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₃ or C₁₋₃ alkylamino.

In other embodiments, R⁹ is H, D, CF₃, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl.

In other embodiments, W is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₅₋₈ carbocyclyl or 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₅₋₈ carbocyclyl and 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R^(w).

In other embodiments, each R^(w) is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, oxo (═O), —C(═O)OCH₃, —C(═O)OCH₂CH₃, —C(═O)OH, —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(h), —NHC(═O)R^(a), —NHC(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —S(═O)₂R^(f), —S(═O)₂NHC(═O)R^(a), —S(═O)₂NR^(c)R^(d), (R^(b)O)₂P(═O)—C₀₋₂ alkylene, —OR^(b), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl or 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl and 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substitutes independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, N3, oxo (═O), NO₂, —OCH₃, C₁₋₃ alkyl or C₁₋₃ haloalkyl.

In other embodiments, W is one of the following sub-formulae:

wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

In other embodiments, each R^(a), R^(b), R^(c), R^(d), R^(e) and R^(f) is independently H, D, trifluoromethyl, methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene; or, R^(c) and R^(d), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₃ haloalkyl or methoxy.

In other embodiments, each R^(a), R^(b), R^(c), R^(d), R^(e) and R^(f) is independently H, D, trifluoromethyl, methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, oxomorpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzofuryl, benzimidazolyl, indolyl, quinoline or isoquinoline, and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, oxomorpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzofuryl, benzimidazolyl, indolyl, quinoline or isoquinoline is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₃ haloalkyl or methoxy.

In other embodiments, A compound provided herein has one of the following structures, or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof,

In another aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound disclosed herein.

In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition provided herein further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, vehicle or a combination thereof.

In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition provided herein further comprises one or more therapeutic agents.

In other embodiments, the therapeutic agent disclosed herein is an anti-influenza virus agent or anti-influenza virus vaccine.

In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of a liquid, solid, semi-solid, gel or spray.

In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition, wherein the therapeutic agent is amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, laninamivir, laninamivir octanoate hydrate, favipiravir, arbidol, ribavirin, stachyflin, ingavirin, fludase, CAS no. 1422050-75-6, JNJ-872, an influenza vaccine (FluMist Quadrivalent®, Fluarix® Quadrivalent, Fluzone® Quadrivalent, Flucelvax® or FluBlok®) or a combination thereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is use of the compound or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing, managing, treating or lessening a disorder or disease caused by a virus infection in a patient.

In certain embodiments, the virus infection disclosed herein is an influenza virus infection.

In another aspect, provided herein is use of the compound or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting an influenza virus RNA polymerase.

In one embodiment, the salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to that the substance or composition must be chemically and/or toxicologically compatible with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, and/or the mammal being treated therewith.

The compound of the invention also embraces the salts thereof, and the salts are not necessarily pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and which may be useful as intermediates for preparing and/or purifying compounds of the invention and/or for separating enantiomers of compounds of the invention.

Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be formed with inorganic acids and organic acids, e.g., acetate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, chloride/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulphate, naphthoate, napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, octadecanoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, stearate, succinate, subsalicylate, tartrate, tosylate and trifluoroacetate salts.

Inorganic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.

Organic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, and the like.

Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be formed with inorganic and organic bases.

Inorganic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, ammonium salts and metals from columns I to XII of the periodic table. In certain embodiments, the salts are derived from sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, silver, zinc, and copper; particularly suitable salts include ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium salts.

Organic bases from which salts can be derived include, for example, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, basic ion exchange resins, and the like. Certain organic amines include isopropylamine, benzathine, cholinate, diethanolamine, diethylamine, lysine, meglumine, piperazine and tromethamine.

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from a basic or acidic moiety, by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting free acid forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base (such as Na, Ca, Mg, or K hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate or the like), or by reacting free base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate acid. Such reactions are typically carried out in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two. Generally, use of non-aqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile is desirable, where practicable. Lists of additional suitable salts can be found, e.g., in “Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences”, 20th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., (1985); and in “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use” by Stahl and Wermuth (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2002).

Furthermore, the compounds disclosed herein, including their salts, can also be obtained in the form of their hydrates, or include other solvents used for their crystallization. The compounds of the present invention may inherently or by design form solvates with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents (including water); therefore, it is intended that the invention embrace both solvated and unsolvated forms.

Any formula given herein is also intended to represent isotopically unenriched forms as well as isotopically enriched forms of the compounds. Any formula given herein is also intended to represent isotopically unenriched forms as well as isotopically enriched forms of the compounds. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, and chlorine, such as ²H, ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸F, ³¹P, ³²P ³⁶S, ³⁷Cl, ¹²⁵I, respectively.

In another aspect, the compounds of the invention include isotopically enriched compounds as defined herein, for example those into which radioactive isotopes, such as ³H, ¹⁴C and ¹⁸F, or those into which non-radioactive isotopes, such as ²H and ¹³C are present. Such isotopically enriched compounds are useful in metabolic studies (with ¹⁴C), reaction kinetic studies (with, for example ²H or ³H), detection or imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays, or in radioactive treatment of patients. In particular, an ¹⁸F-enriched compound may be particularly desirable for PET or SPECT studies. Isotopically-enriched compounds of Formula (I) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying Examples and Preparations using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.

Further, substitution with heavier isotopes, particularly deuterium (i.e., ²H or D) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements or an improvement in therapeutic index. for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements or an improvement in therapeutic index. It is understood that deuterium in this context is regarded as a substituent of a compound of Formula (I). The concentration of such a heavier isotope, specifically deuterium, may be defined by the isotopic enrichment factor. The term “isotopic enrichment factor” as used herein means the ratio between the isotopic abundance and the natural abundance of a specified isotope. If a substituent in a compound of this invention is denoted deuterium, such compound has an isotopic enrichment factor for each designated deuterium atom of at least 3500 (52.5% deuterium incorporation at each designated deuterium atom), at least 4000 (60% deuterium incorporation), at least 4500 (67.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 5000 (75% deuterium incorporation), at least 5500 (82.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 6000 (90% deuterium incorporation), at least 6333.3 (95% deuterium incorporation), at least 6466.7 (97% deuterium incorporation), at least 6600 (99% deuterium incorporation), or at least 6633.3 (99.5% deuterium incorporation). Pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in accordance with the invention include those wherein the solvent of crystallization may be isotopically substituted, e.g., D₂O, acetone-d₆, DMSO-d₆.

Pharmaceutical Composition of the Compound of the Invention and Preparations and Administration

The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutic effective amount of the compound of the invention or a stereoisomer thereof, racemic mixture or non-racemic mixture of the stereoisomer thereof. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, adjuvants or excipients, and optionally other treating and/or preventing ingredients. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises an effective amount of at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, adjuvants or vehicles.

A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may contain inert ingredients which do not unduly inhibit the biological activity of the compound(s) described herein. The pharmaceutically acceptable carriers should be biocompatible, i.e., non-toxic, non-inflammatory, non-immunogenic and devoid of other undesired reactions upon the administration to a subject. Standard pharmaceutical formulation techniques can be employed.

As described above, the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions disclosed herein further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, an adjuvant, or a vehicle, which, as used herein, includes any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicle, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st edition, 2005, ed. D. B. Troy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, and Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, eds. J. Swarbrick and J. C. Boylan, 1988-1999, Marcel Dekker, New York, the contents of each of which is incorporated by reference herein, are disclosed various carriers used in formulating pharmaceutically acceptable compositions and known techniques for the preparation thereof. Except insofar as any conventional carrier medium incompatible with the compounds disclosed herein, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other components of the pharmaceutically acceptable composition, its use is contemplated to be within the scope of this invention.

Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as tween 80, phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, or potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, wool fat, sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil; safflower oil; sesame oil; olive oil; corn oil and soybean oil; glycols; such a propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol; esters such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol, and phosphate buffer solutions, as well as other non-toxic compatible lubricants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, abherant, coating agents, sweetening and perfuming agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the composition, according to the judgment of the formulator.

The pharmaceutically acceptable compositions can be administered to humans and other animals orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments or drops), bucally, as an oral or nasal spray, or the like, depending on the severity of the infection being treated.

Liquid formulations for oral administration include, but not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, micro-emulsion, solution, suspension, syrup and elixir. In addition to the active ingredient, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluent commonly used in the art, such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Addition to inert diluents, the oral compositions can also contain adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifiers or suspending agent, sweeteners, flavorings and fragrances.

Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P. and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.

The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.

In order to prolong the effect of a compound or a composition described herein, it is often desirable to slow the absorption of the compound from subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This may be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material having poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the drug then depends upon its rate of dissolution which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally administered compound form is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the compound in an oil vehicle. Injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule matrices of the compound in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polyglycolic acid. Depending upon the ratio of compound to polymer and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of compound release can be controlled. Examples of other biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the compound in liposomes or microemulsions that are compatible with body tissues.

Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are specifically suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds described herein with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.

The solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compounds are mixed with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable inert excipients or carrier, such as sodium citrate or calcium phosphate and/or (a) fillers or swelling agents such as starch, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol and silicic acid; (b) adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyethylene pyrrole ketone, sucrose and gum arabic; (c) moisturizing agents such as glycerol; (d) disintegrating agents such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato starch or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates and sodium carbonate; (e) blocker solution, such as paraffin; (f) absorption promoter such as quaternary ammonium compounds; (g) wetting agents such as cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate; (h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite, (i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycol, laurylsodium sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the pharmaceutical compositions may also comprise buffering agents.

Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.

The active compounds can also be in microencapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, controlled release coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose or starch. Such dosage forms may also comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the pharmaceutical compositions may also comprise buffering agents. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.

Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound described herein include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches. The active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required. Ophthalmic formulation, eardrops, and eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention. Additionally, the present invention contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a compound to the body. Such dosage forms can be made by dissolving or dispensing the compound in the proper medium. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin. The rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.

The compositions described herein may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir. The term “parenteral” as used herein includes, but is not limited to, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques. Specifically, the compositions are administered orally, intraperitoneally or intravenously.

Sterile injectable forms of the compositions described herein may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions. These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersing agents which are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms including emulsions and suspensions. Other commonly used surfactants, such as Tweens, Spans and other emulsifying agents or bioavailability enhancers which are commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutically acceptable solid, liquid, or other dosage forms may also be used for the purposes of formulation.

The pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions. In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers commonly used include, but are not limited to, lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added. For oral administration in a capsule form, useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch. When aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents may also be added.

Alternatively, the pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. These can be prepared by mixing the agent with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials include, but are not limited to, cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.

The pharmaceutical compositions described herein may also be administered topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs readily accessible by topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Suitable topical formulations are readily prepared for each of these areas or organs.

Topical application for the lower intestinal tract can be effected in a rectal suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used.

For topical applications, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a suitable ointment containing the active component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers. Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated in a suitable lotion or cream containing the active components suspended or dissolved in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.

For ophthalmic use, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, or, specifically, as solutions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with or without a preservative such as benzylalkonium chloride. Alternatively, for ophthalmic uses, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in an ointment such as petrolatum.

The pharmaceutical compositions may also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents.

The compounds for use in the methods of the invention can be formulated in unit dosage form. The term “unit dosage form” refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosage for subjects undergoing treatment, with each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, optionally in association with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier. The unit dosage form can be for a single daily dose or one of multiple daily doses (e.g., about 1 to 4 or more times per day). When multiple daily doses are used, the unit dosage form can be the same or different for each dose.

Use of the Compounds and Pharmaceutical Compositions

The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions provided herein can be used in the manufacture of medicaments for preventing, treating or lessening a disorder or disease caused by virus infection in a patient. In some embodiment, the virus infection is influenza virus infection.

Also provided herein are the uses of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described above in the manufacture of medicaments which are inhibitors of influenza virus RNA polymerase.

Provided herein is a method of treating, preventing or delaying the infections caused by viruses, and wherein the method comprises administering to the patent a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or the pharmaceutical composition described herein to a patient in need of treatment. Wherein the virus is an influenza virus. And, the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions thereof can be co-administered with other therapies or therapeutic agents. The co-administration can be performed simultaneously, sequentially, or in a certain time interval.

Doses of the compound or pharmaceutical composition needed for implementing functions such as treating, preventing or delaying usually depend on the particular compound to be administered, patient, specific disease or disorder and severity thereof, route and frequency of administration and so on, and need to be determined by the attending doctor in accordance with specific conditions. For example, when the compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administrated intravenously, the administration may be once a week or even longer intervals.

As described above, the present invention provides a novel class of compounds, and wherein the compounds can be used as inhibitors of the influenza virus RNA polymerase. The compounds of the invention are suitable for preparing medicaments as various dosage forms, which can be used for treating seasonal flu, avian flu, swine flu as well as tamiflu-resistant influenza virus mutants.

Besides being useful for human treatment, these compounds are also useful for veterinary treatment of animals such as companion animals, exotic animals and farm animals. In other embodiments, the animals disclosed herein include horses, dogs, and cats. As used herein, the compounds disclosed herein include the pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof.

General Synthetic Procedures

In the present specification, if the chemical name of the compound doesn't match the corresponding structure, the compound is characterized by the corresponding structure.

For the purpose of describing the invention, the following examples are listed. It should be understood that, the invention is not limited to these examples, and the present invention only provide the method to practice the invention.

Generally, the compounds disclosed herein may be prepared by methods described herein, wherein the substituents are as defined for Formula (I) above, except where further noted. The following non-limiting schemes and examples are presented to further exemplify the invention.

Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the chemical reactions described may be readily adapted to prepare a number of other compounds disclosed herein, and alternative methods for preparing the compounds disclosed herein are deemed to be within the scope disclosed herein. For example, the synthesis of non-exemplified compounds according to the invention may be successfully performed by modifications apparent to those skilled in the art, e.g., by appropriately protecting interfering groups, by utilizing other suitable reagents known in the art other than those described, and/or by making routine modifications of reaction conditions. Alternatively, other reactions disclosed herein or known in the art will be recognized as having applicability for preparing other compounds disclosed herein.

In the examples described below, unless otherwise indicated all temperatures are set forth in degrees Celsius. Reagents were purchased from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich Chemical Company, Arco Chemical Company and Alfa Chemical Company, and were used without further purification unless otherwise indicated. Common solvents were purchased from commercial suppliers such as Shantou XiLong Chemical Factory, Guangdong Guanghua Reagent Chemical Factory Co. Ltd., Guangzhou Reagent Chemical Factory, Tianjin YuYu Fine Chemical Ltd., Tianjing Fuchen Chemical Reagent Factory, Wuhan XinHuayuan technology development co., LTD., Qingdao Tenglong Reagent Chemical Ltd., Qingdao Ocean Chemical Factory, Beijin Ouhe Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Topbiochem Technology Co., Ltd, and Accela ChemBio Co., Ltd.

Anhydrous THF, 1,4-dioxane, toluene, and ether were obtained by refluxing the solvent with sodium. Anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ and CHCl₃ were obtained by refluxing the solvent with CaH₂. EtOAc, PE, hexane, N,N-dimethylacetamide and DMF were treated with anhydrous Na₂SO₄ prior use.

The reactions set forth below were done generally under a positive pressure of nitrogen or argon or with a drying tube (unless otherwise stated) in anhydrous solvents, and the reaction flasks were typically fitted with rubber septa for the introduction of substrates and reagents via syringe. Glassware was oven dried and/or heat dried.

Column chromatography was conducted using a silica gel column. Silica gel (300˜400 mesh) was purchased from Qingdao Ocean Chemical Factory.

¹H NMR spectra were recorded with a Bruker 400 MHz or 600 MHz spectrometer using CDCl₃, DMSO-d₆, CD₃OD or acetone-d₆ as solvent (reported in ppm), and using TMS (0 ppm) or chloroform (7.26 ppm) as the reference standard. When peak multiplicities were reported, the following abbreviations were used: s (singlet), d (doublet), t (triplet), m (multiplet), br (broadened), dd (doublet of doublets), and dt (doublet of triplets). Coupling constants, when given, are reported in Hertz (Hz).

Low-resolution mass spectral (MS) data were determined on an Agilent 6120 Quadrupole HPLC-MS spectrometer equipped with an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (2.1×30 mm, 3.5 m, 6 min). The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min; the mobile phases consisted of a combination of A (0.1% formic acid in CH₃CN) and B (0.1% formic acid in H₂O) in gradient mode (5% to 95%), and an ESI source was used, the peak of HPLC was recorded with UV-Vis detection at 210/254 nm.

Purification of compound by preparative chromatography was implemented on Agilent 1260 Series high performance liquid chromatography (Pre-HPLC) or Calesep Pump 250 Series high performance liquid chromatography (Pre-HPLC) with UV detection at 210/254 nm (NOVASEP, 50/80 mm. DAC).

The following abbreviations are used throughout the specification:

AcOH, HAc, HOAc, CH₃COOH acetic acid

AcOK, KOAc, CH₃COOK potassium acetate

BnOH phenylcarbinol

Bu4NF tetrabutylammonium fluoride

BOC, Boc tert-butoxycarbonyl

(Boc)₂O di-tert-butyl dicarbonate ester

BINAP racemic-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl

PCy₃.BF₄ tricyclohexylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate

n-BuOH n-butyl alcohol

CHCl₃ chloroform

CDCl₃ chloroform-d

CD₃OD methyl alcohol-d₄

DCM, CH₂Cl₂ dichloromethane

CH₃CN, MeCN acetonitrile

CH₃Cl chloromethane

CH₃I iodomethane

CH₃SO₂Cl, MsCl methanesulfonyl chloride

Cbz carbobenzoxy

DIEA, DIPEA, iPr₂Net N,N-diisopropylethylamine

DMF N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylformamide

DME dimethyl ether

DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine

DMSO dimethylsulfoxide

DMSO-d₆ dimethyl sulfoxide-d₆

DPPA diphenylphosphoryl azide

EA, EtOAc ethyl acetate

Et₃N, TEA triethylamine

Et₂O ethyl ether

EtOH ethyl alcohol

g gram

h hour, hours

H₂ hydrogen

HBTU O-benzotriazole-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-uronium-hexafluorophosphate

H₂O water

HCl hydrogen chloride

H₂O₂ hydrogen peroxide

H₃PO₄ phosphoric acid

H₂SO₄ sulfuric acid

HNO₃ nitric acid

HCOOK potassium formate

HCOONH₄ ammonium formate

HPLC high performance liquid chromatography

HPTLC high performance thin layer chromatography

I₂ iodine

Fe iron

MgSO₄ magnesium sulfate

CH₃OH, MeOH methanol

MeI, CH₃I iodomethane

mL, ml milliliter

mmin minute, minutes

N₂ nitrogen

NH₃ ammonia

NMP N-methylprrolidone

NaHCO₃ sodium bicarbonate

NaBH₄ sodium borohydride

NaBH3CN sodium cyanoborohydride

NaOMe, NaOCH₃, CH₃ONa sodium methoxide

NaOH sodium hydroxide

NaCl sodium chloride

NaH₂PO₄ sodium dihydrogen phosphate

NaH sodium hydride

NaI sodium iodide

Na₂SO₄ sodium sulfate

Na₂S₂O₃ sodium thiosulfate

NBS N-bromosuccinimide

NIS N-iodosuccinimide

NCS N-chlorosuccinimide

NH₄Cl ammonium chloride

NH₂OH.HCl hydroxylamine hydrochloride

psi pound per square inch

Pd/C Palladium on activated carbon

Pd(OAc)₂ Palladium diacetate

Pd(OH)₂ Palladium hydroxide

Pd(PPh₃)₄ tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride

Pd(dppf)Cl₂ [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)

Pd(dppf)Cl₂.CH₂Cl₂ 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-palladium(II)dichloride

dichloromethane complex

Pd₂(dba)₃ tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium

P(t-Bu)₃ tri-tert-butylphosphine

Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ 1,1′-bis(di-t-butylphosphino)ferrocene palladium dichloride

PE petroleum ether (60-90° C.)

POCl₃ phosphorus oxychloride

K₂CO₃ potassium carbonate

K₃PO₄ potassium phosphate

KOH potassium hydroxide

RT, rt, r.t. room temperature

Rt retention time

SOCl₂ thionyl chloride

SI therapeutic index

t-BuOK potassium tert-butoxide

THF tetrahydrofuran

TFA trifluoroacetic acid

TBAI tetrabutylammonium iodide

TBS tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl aminomethane buffer saline

TsCl tosyl chloride

Ts p-tosyl, (p-tolyl)sulphonyl

Zn zinc

μL microlitre

mass %, w.t % mass percentage

X-phos, XPhos 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl

The following schemes list the synthetic steps of the compounds of the invention, and wherein U₂, U₃, U₄, R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R′ and R^(a) are as defined herein. PG′ is an alkynyl protecting group, Q is a C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring or 5- to 10-membered heteroaromatic ring, q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

The intermediate having Formula (11) can be prepared by the process illustrated in scheme 1. Firstly, compound (1) can react with compound (2) under an alkaline condition to give compound (3). Then, compound (3) can react with alkynyl compound (4 in the presence of a palladium catalyst (such as Pd(dppf)Cl₂, Pd(PPh)₂Cl₂, and the like) to give compound (5). Compound (5) can undergo cyclization reaction in the presence of a base to give compound (6). The —NH— group of compound (6) can be pretected by protecting group -Ts under an alkaline condition to give compound (8). Compound (8) with a brominating agent such as NBS can undergo bromination reaction to give compound (9). At last, compound (9) can react with compound (10) in the presence of a palladium catalyst (such as Pd(dppf)Cl₂, Pd(PPh)₂Cl₂, and the like) to give the intermediate having Formula (11).

Compound (24) can be prepared by the process illustrated in scheme 2. Compound (12) can react with compound (13) under a dark condition to give compound (14). Compound (14) can undergo ring-opening reaction in the presence of a base such as sodium methoxide to give compound (15). Then, compound (15) with DPPA and benzyl alcohol (16) can undergo rearrangement reaction under an alkaline condition to give compound (17). The amino-protecting group of compound (17) can be removed under a reduction condition to give compound (18). Compound (18) can react with compound (19) under an alkaline condition undergoing coupling reaction to give compound (20). Compound (20) with boric acid derivative (21) can undergo coupling reaction in the presence of a suitable Pd catalyst to give compound (22). Compound (22) with intermediate (11) can undergo Suzuki coupling reaction in the presence of a suitable Pd catalyst to give compound (23). At last, compound (23) can react under an alkaline condition to give compound (24).

Compound (30) can be prepared by the process illustrated in scheme 3. Firstly, compound (25) can react with a bromide reagent (such as bromine, NBS, and the like) in a polar solvent (such as N,N-dimethylformamide) or a medium polar solvent (such as dichloromethane) to give compound (26). Compound (26) can react with 4-tosyl chloride (7) in the presence of a base to give compound (27). Compound (27) can react with compound (10) in the presence of a palladium catalyst (such as Pd(dppf)Cl₂, Pd(PPh₃)₄, and the like) to give intermediate (28). Intermediate (28) with compound (22) can undergo Suzuki coupling reaction in the presence of a suitable Pd catalyst to give compound (29). At last, compound (29) can react under an alkaline condition to give compound (30).

Compound (40) can be prepared by the process illustrated in scheme 4. Firstly, compound (31) can react with DPPA and compound (16) under an alkaline condition to give compound (32). Then, compound (32) can undergo reduction reaction under a condition (such as in the presence of Pd/C catalyst and hydrogen atmosphere) to give compound (33). Compound (33) can react with compound (19) under an alkaline condition to give compound (34). Then compound (34) with boric acid derivative (21) can undergo coupling reaction in the presence of a suitable Pd catalyst to give compound (35). Compound (35) with compound (11) can undergo Suzuki coupling reaction under a Pd catalyst to give compound (36). The amino-protecting group -Boc of compound (36) can be removed under an acid condition to give compound (37). Compound (37 can react with carboxylic acid compound (38) under an alkaline condition to give compound (39). At last, the protection group of compound (39) can be removed under an alkaline condition to give compound (40).

Compound (44) can be prepared by the process illustrated in scheme 5. Compound (41) with compound (18) can undergo coupling reaction in the presence of a base to give compound (42). Compound (42) with intermediate (11) can undergo Suzuki coupling reaction in the presence of a Pd catalyst to give compound (43). At last, compound (43) can be converted to compound (44) in the presence of a base.

Compound (51) can be prepared by the process illustrated in scheme 6. Firstly, compound (45) can react with compound (46) to give compound (47). Then, compound (47) with compound (19) can undergo condensation reaction to give compound (48). Compound (48 with boric acid derivative (21) can undergo coupling reaction in the presence of a suitable Pd catalyst to give compound (49). Compound (49) with intermediate (11) can undergo Suzuki coupling reaction in the presence of a Pd catalyst to give compound (50). At last, the protection group of compound (50) can be removed in the presence of base to give compound (51).

Compound (24) also can be prepared by the process illustrated in scheme 7. Firstly, compound (20) with intermediate (11) can undergo Suzuki coupling reaction in the presence of a suitable Pd catalyst to give compound (52). Compound (52) with boric acid derivative (21) can undergo coupling reaction in the presence of a suitable Pd catalyst to give compound (23). At last, compound (23) can react under an alkaline condition to give compound (24).

EXAMPLES

The following examples are used for illustrating the invention, but can not be construed to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: meso-endo-tetrahydro-4,7-ethanoisobenzofuran-1,3-dione

To a 2000 mL dried flask were added maleic anhydride (100 g, 1.02 mol) and chloroform (1000.0 mL) in turn, then the mixture was cooled to 0° C., and 1,3-cyclohexadiene (112.5 mL, 1.12 mol) was added dropwise. After the addition, the mixture was warmed to rt, and stirred overnight in the absence of light. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent. To the residue was added methanol (700.0 mL), and the resulting mixture was heated to 50° C. and stirred for 10 min, then cooled to 0° C. and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was filtered by suction, and the filter cake was dried in vacuo at 45° C. to give the title compound as a white solid (147 g, 81%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 179.1 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 6.28 (dd, J=4.2, 3.4 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (s, 2H), 3.04 (s, 2H), 1.61 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 1.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H).

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-3-(methoxycarbonyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxylic Acid

To a dried flask was added meso-endo-tetrahydro-4,7-ethanoisobenzofuran-1,3-dione (33.50 g, 188.01 mmol), then a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (5 M, 300.8 mL) was added dropwise at 0° C. After the addition, the mixture was warmed to rt and stirred for 4 days, then concentrated in vacuo to remove part of the methanol (about 120 mL). The residue was added slowly into 0° C. aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (277 mL, 18%), and there was a white solid precipitated out. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove methanol, and the residue was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min, then filtered by suction. The filter cake was washed with water three times and dried in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (37.19 g, 94%).

MS (ESI, neg. ion) m/z: 209.0 [M−H]⁻;

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.28 (s, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 2.94 (s, 1H), 2.91 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 2.72 (s, 1H), 1.48-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.34-1.44 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.16 (m, 1H), 1.09-0.99 (m, 1H).

Step 3: methyl (+/−)-trans-3-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxylate

A solution of (+/−)-trans-3-(methoxycarbonyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid (6.0 g, 29 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) was degassed and filled with nitrogen for three times, then diphenyl azidophosphate (7.0 mL, 32 mmol) and triethylamine (4.0 mL, 29 mmol) were added dropwise in turn by syringe. The mixture was heated to 90° C. and stirred for 2 hours, then phenylcarbinol (3.0 mL, 29 mmol) was added dropwise by syringe. The mixture was stirred for further 3 days maintaining at this temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt, and ethyl acetate (60 mL) was added to dilute the mixture. The resulting mixture was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (60 mL×2) and saturated brine (50 mL) in turn. The mixture was partitioned, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, then the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=8/1) to give the title compound as yellow oil (8.25 g, 92%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 316.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: methyl (+/−)-trans-3-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To an autoclave were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxylate (8.21 g, 26.0 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and methanol (20 mL) in turn. To the solution was added Pd/C (10%, 1.40 g), and the mixture was stirred at rt overnight under a hydrogen pressure of 40 psi. The reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad to remove the catalyst, then the filter cake was washed with methanol (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL) in turn. The combined filtrates were concentrated in vacuo to give colourless oil, which was purified by silica-gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=20/1˜10/1) to give the title compound as colourless oil (3.95 g, 83%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 184.2 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.31 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.11 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 1.98-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.33 (m, 10H).

Step 5: methyl (2-bromo-4,6-difluorophenyl)carbamate

To a suspension of 2-bromo-4,6-difluorophenylamine (10.00 g, 48.07 mmol) and potassium carbonate (19.93 g, 144.20 mmol) in acetonitrile (80 mL) was added dropwise slowly methylclhlorofonmate (22.29 mL, 288.46 mmol). After the addition, the mixture was stirred at rt for 10 min, then heated to 60° C. and stirred for 1 h. After the reaction, to the reaction mixture was added water (80 mL). The resulting mixture was partitioned, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (80 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (120 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜3/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (11.68 g, 91%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 267.9 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.24-7.17 (m, 1H), 6.93 (td, J=9.3, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.10 (s, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H).

Step 6: methyl (2,4-difluoro-6-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenyl)carbamate

To a solution of methyl (2-bromo-4,6-difluorophenyl)carbamate (10.8 g, 40.6 mmol) in acetonitrile (11.6 mL) were added triethylamine (11.3 mL), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5.76 g, 8.12 mmol) and cuprous iodide (773 mg, 4.06 mmol). Then to the mixture was added slowly trimethylsilylacetylene (11.5 mL, 81.2 mmol) under nitrogen protection. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight under nitrogen protection, then the mixture was diluted with a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (100 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (250 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1) to give the title compound as a brown solid (9.53 g, 83%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.03-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.93-6.86 (m, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 0.28 (s, 9H).

Step 7: 5,7-difluoro-1H-indole

To a solution of methyl (2,4-difluoro-6-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenyl)carbamate (11.02 g, 38.88 mmol) in ethanol (100 mL) was added a solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol (61 mL, 155.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 1.5 h under nitrogen protection, then heated to 80° C. and stirred for further 3 h. The mixture was cooled to rt, and concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), and the mixture was washed with water (100 mL) and saturated brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EA (v/v)=10/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (4.76 g, 80%).

¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 9.62 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.33 (m, 1H), 6.53 (dd, J=3.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 2.53 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 3H).

Step 8: 5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indole

To a solution of 5,7-difluoro-1H-indole (4.76 g, 31.1 mmol) in toluene (120 mL) were added sodium hydride (50 mass %, 2.6 mg, 622 mmol), paratoluensulfonyl chloride (8.89 g, 46.6 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (1.06 g, 3.11 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), and the resulting mixture was washed with water (100 mL) and saturated brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (8.31 g, 87%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 308.0 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 8.24 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H).

Step 9: 3-bromo-5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indole

To a solution of 5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indole (4.3 g, 14.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) was added NBS (3.3 g, 18.0 mmol) in portions, and the mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction was quenched with a saturated aqueous sodium bicaronbate solution (100 mL), and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine (100 mL×3), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1) to give the title compound as a brown solid (5.23 g, 97%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 386.0 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.90-7.81 (m, 3H), 7.33 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.03 (dd, J=7.8, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (ddd, J=11.5, 9.1, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H).

Step 10: 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole

To a single-neck flask were added 3-bromo-5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indole (5.23 g, 13.5 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (5.16 g, 20.3 mmol), potassium acetate (3.99 g, 40.6 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂.CH₂Cl₂ (2.21 g, 2.71 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h under nitrogen protection. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and filtered through a celite pad, and the filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (4.89 g, 83%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 434.0 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.82 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 4H), 7.30 (s, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 12H).

Step 11: 3-cyano-4-iodo-2,6-dichloro-5-fluoropyridine

To a reaction flask were added 3-cyano-2,6-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine (6.00 g, 31.45 mmol), iodine (16.00 g, 63.04. mmol) and anhydrous THF (100 mL). The reaction mixture was cooled to −30° C. under nitrogen protection, then lithium diisopropylamide (48.00 mL, 96.00 mmol, 2 M) was added dropwise slowly into the mixture. After the addition, the mixture was warmed to rt naturally and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with an aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (300 mL, 10 w.t %). The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=20/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (6.80 g, 68%).

Step 12: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyrimidin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

A suspension of 3-cyano-4-iodo-2,6-dichloro-5-fluoropyridine (6.00 g, 18.93 mmol), (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (2.80 g, 15.00 mmol) and DIPEA (13 mL, 78.70 mmol) in acetonitrile (100 mL) was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (100 mL) and saturated brine (50 mL) in turn, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1) to give the title compound as a light yellow solid (5.20 g, 59%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 463.9 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 5.40 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 2.40 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 1.88 (s, 1H), 1.80 (d, J=12.6 Hz, 1H), 1.63 (m, 7H).

Step 13: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyrimidin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.08 mmol), 2-furylboronic acid (133 mg, 1.18 mmol), potassium phosphate (686 mg, 3.24 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (70 mg, 0.108 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (150 mg, 36.08%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 404.0[M+H]⁺.

Step 14: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (1070 mg, 146 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (790 mg, 3.71 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (80 mg, 0.13 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.24 mmol). Then H₂O (1 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (550 mg, 66%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 675.2[M+H]⁺.

Step 15: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (550 mg, 0.82 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH (v/v=5 mL/5 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (330 mg, 8.2 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (290 mg, 70.24%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 507.1 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.36 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 2H), 7.11 (dd, J=20.6, 10.2 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.78 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 1H), 2.96 (t, J=20.9 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 1.87 (s, 1H), 1.73 (s, 3H), 1.63-1.36 (m, 5H).

Example 2: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyrimidin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.08 mmol), 4-nitrophenylboronic acid (180 mg, 1.08 mmol), potassium phosphate (686 mg, 3.23 mmol) and Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (70 mg, 0.108 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (320 mg, 64%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 459.10[M+H]⁺.

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (500 mg, 0.70 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (450 mg, 2.10 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (45 mg, 0.07 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo)[2.2.2]octane-2-carbo xylate (320 mg, 0.70 mmol). Then H₂O (1 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 80° C. and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (300 mg, 59%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 730.1[M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (300 mg, 0.41 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH (v/v=5 mL/5 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (164 mg, 4.11 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (60 mg, 26%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 562.2[M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.39 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 8.29 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (t, J=9.3 Hz, 4H), 7.13 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.75 (s, 1H), 4.82 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.02 (s, 1H), 1.91 (s, 1H), 1.77 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 3H), 1.58-1.39 (m, 5H).

Example 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyrimidin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (400 mg, 0.86 mmol), 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (180 mg, 0.94 mmol), potassium phosphate (550 mg, 2.58 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (60 mg, 0.09 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (150 mg, 36%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 482.10[M+H]⁺.

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (225 mg, 0.31 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (200 mg, 0.93 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (30 mg, 0.03 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (150 mg, 0.31 mmol). Then H₂O (0.6 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (150 mg, 64%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 752.1[M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethyl phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-(trifluormethyl)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo 2.2.2]octane-2fluoro-4-(4-carboxylate (150 mg, 0.20 mmol) in THF/MeOH (v/v=5 mL/5 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (80 mg, 2.0 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (20 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (55 mg, 47%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 585.2[M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.36 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.85 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.81 (s, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.18 (s, 1H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 1.90 (s, 1H), 1.77 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 3H), 1.66-1.39 (m, 5H).

Example 4: (+/−)-trans-3-((4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyrimidin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (400 mg, 0.86 mmol), 4-t-butylphenylboronic acid (168 mg, 0.94 mmol), potassium acetate (550 mg, 2.58 mmol) and Pd(dtppf)Cl₂ (60 mg, 0.09 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (140 mg, 34%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 470.6 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (220 mg, 0.30 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (200 mg, 0.93 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (30 mg, 0.03 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (140 mg, 0.30 mmol). Then H₂O (0.6 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (125 mg, 57%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 741.2[M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carbo xylate (125 mg, 0.17 mmol) in THF/MeOH (v/v=5 mL/5 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (60 mg, 1.7 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (58 mg, 60%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 573.3[M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.33 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (t, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 1.90 (s, 1H), 1.77 (d, J=10.7 Hz, 3H), 1.62-1.41 (m, 5H), 1.35 (s, 9H).

Example 5: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyrimidin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.08 mmol), 4-phenoxyphenylboronic acid (230 mg, 1.08 mmol), potassium phosphate (686 mg, 3.23 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (70 mg, 0.108 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (280 mg, 51%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 506.1[M+H]⁺.

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (400 mg, 0.55 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (352 mg, 1.66 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (40 mg, 0.05 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (280 mg, 0.55 mmol). Then H₂O (1 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (200 mg, 46%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 777.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.25 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH (v/v=5 mL/5 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (110 mg, 2.5 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (90 mg, 57%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 609.3[M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.35 (s, 1H), 8.29 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 4H), 4.81 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 1.90 (s, 1H), 1.78 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 3H), 1.62-1.38 (m, 5H).

Example 6: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyrimidin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.08 mmol), 2-naphthylboronic acid (185 mg, 1.08 mmol), potassium phosphate (686 mg, 3.24 mmol) and Pd(dtppf)Cl₂ (70 mg, 0.107 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (280 mg, 51%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 464.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added 5,7-fluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (440 mg, 0.60 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (390 mg, 1.81 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (40 mg, 0.06 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (280 mg, 0.60 mmol). Then H₂O (1 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (270 mg, 61%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 735.1[M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (280 mg, 0.38 mmol) in THF/MeOH (v/v=5 mL/5 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (152 mg, 3.8 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (130 mg, 60%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 567.2[M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.36 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 2H), 7.11 (dd, J=20.6, 10.2 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.78 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 1H), 2.96 (t, J=20.9 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 1.87 (s, 1H), 1.73 (s, 3H), 1.63-1.36 (m, 5H);

¹³C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 170.75, 130.38, 129.40, 128.62, 128.18, 127.11, 60.19, 51.05, 47.92, 40.68, 40.55, 40.23, 40.03, 39.82, 39.61, 39.40, 29.62, 28.86, 25.72, 24.05, 21.53, 21.18, 14.52.

Example 7: (+/−)-trans-3-((4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyrimidin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.08 mmol), 4-biphenylboronic acid (213 mg, 1.08 mmol), potassium phosphate (686 mg, 3.24 mmol) and Pd(dtppf)Cl₂ (70 mg, 0.107 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (260 mg, 49%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 490.6[M+H]⁺.

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (380 mg, 0.53 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (340 mg, 1.59 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (35 mg, 0.05 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((4-([1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (260 mg, 0.53 mmol). Then H₂O (1 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (210 mg, 52%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 761.2[M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (210 mg, 0.27 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH (v/v=5 mL/5 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (110 mg, 2.7 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (90 mg, 55%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 593.3 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.36 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (t, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (s, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.19 (s, 1H), 2.02 (s, 1H), 1.91 (s, 1H), 1.78 (d, J=12.6 Hz, 3H), 1.64-1.39 (m, 5H).

Example 8: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a mixed solvent of toluene (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (301 mg, 0.65 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid (78 mg, 0.91 mmol), palladium acetate (16 mg, 0.07 mmol) and potassium phosphate (483 mg, 2.28 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 11 h under nitrogen protection. The reaction mixture was cooled, and ethyl acetate (80 mL) was added. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (60 mL×2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜1/1) to give the title compound as a brown solid (150 mg, 61%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 378.0[M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 5.20 (s, 1H), 4.44 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 2.36 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.85 (s, 1H), 1.80 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 1.62 (m, 10H).

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and water (0.3 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (180 mg, 0.21 mmol), potassium phosphate (103 mg, 0.49 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (13 mg, 0.02 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (60 mg, 0.16 mmol). The mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 1 h under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (92 mg, 89%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 8.56 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (t, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (d, J=4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.38 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.94 (s, 1H), 1.73 (m, 6H), 1.29 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.20 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 4H).

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (91 mg, 0.14 mmol) in THF/MeOH/H₂O (v/v/v=2 mL/2 mL/2 mL) was added NaOH (46 mg, 1.15 mmol) in portions. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (36 mg, 53%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 481.6 [M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 481.1838 [M+H]⁺, (C₂₆H₂₄F₃N₄O₂) [M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 481.1851;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm): 8.26 (s, 1H), 7.99 (dd, J=10.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (t, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 2.76 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.10 (s, 1H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.84 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 1.63 (m, 3H), 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.33 (m, 3H), 1.15 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 3H);

¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 176.00, 156.32, 156.26, 152.50, 149.52, 149.43, 148.05, 147.95, 142.92, 141.25, 137.58, 137.52, 130.12, 129.15, 121.52, 121.43, 119.36, 114.44, 103.13, 102.95, 97.98, 97.78, 97.65, 92.31, 50.81, 47.96, 45.97, 29.55, 28.84, 25.67, 23.98, 21.54, 19.55, 10.42, 7.47.

Example 9: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: 3-bromo-5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine

To a solution of 5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (1.0 g, 7.34 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added bromine (0.75 mL, 14.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 4 h. A saturated aqueous Na₂S₂O₃ solution (100 mL) was added to quench the reaction, and the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL×2). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated brine (100 mL×3), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatograph (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=4/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (0.6 g, 40%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 216.9 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.23 (s, 1H), 8.35-8.21 (m, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (dd, J=8.9, 2.6 Hz, 1H).

Step 2: 3-bromo-5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine

To a solution of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (0.74 g, 2.0 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added NaH (127 mg, 3.0 mmol) at 0° C. Then the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at 0° C. TsCl (458 mg, 2.4 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Water (50 mL) was added to quench the reaction, and the resulting mixture was partitioned. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL×2). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated brine (80 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatograph (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=4/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (740 mg, 90%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 370.8 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.47 (dd, J=7.8, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H).

Step 3: 5-fluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine

A suspension of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (175 mg, 0.22 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (70 mg, 0.09 mmol) and KOAc (144 mg, 0.47 mmol) in DME (5 mL) was purged with nitrogen by bubbling to remove the air and then to the mixture was added bis(pinacolato)diboron (190 mg, 0.71 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 105° C. for 2 h by microwave heating. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL), and the mixture was filtered through a celite pad. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (20 mL×2). The combined filtrates was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=4/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (130 mg, 66%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 417.9 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 8.27 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.89 (dd, J=8.5, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 12H).

Step 4: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and water (0.3 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (60 mg, 0.16 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (13 mg, 0.02 mmol), potassium carbonate (69 mg, 0.50 mmol) and 5-fluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (200 mg, 0.24 mmol). The air in the mixture was removed by nitrogen bubbling for 5 min, and the mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 2 h by microwave heating. To the reaction mixture was added ethyl acetate (60 mL). The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 mL×2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (92 mg, 89%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 632.7[M+H]⁺.

Step 5: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+1-)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (236 mg, 0.37 mmol) in THF/MeOH/H₂O (v/v=2 mL/2 mL/2 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (123 mg, 3.08 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 5. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH/Et₃N (v/v/v)=20/1/0.1) to give the title compound as a white solid (42 mg, 24%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 464.2[M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 464.1884 [M+H]⁺, (C₂₅H₂₄F₂N₅O₂)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 464.1898;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.37 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (s, 1H), 2.86 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.78 (d, J=25.8 Hz, 3H), 1.47 (m, 6H), 1.09 (m, 5H).

Example 10: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(p-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(p-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyrimidin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.08 mmol), 4-methylphenylboronic acid (150 mg, 1.08 mmol), potassium phosphate (686 mg, 3.23 mmol) and Pd(dtppf)Cl₂ (70 mg, 0.108 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (200 mg, 43%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 428.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(p-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (350 mg, 0.47 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (300 mg, 1.40 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (50 mg, 0.047 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(p-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.47 mmol). Then H₂O (0.6 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 80° C. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (150 mg, 46%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 699.2[M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(p-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(p-tolyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (150 mg, 0.21 mmol) in THF/MeOH (v/v=5 mL/5 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (90 mg, 2.14 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (50 mg, 44%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 531.2[M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 531.1991 [M+H]⁺, (C₃₀H₂₆F₃N₄O₂)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 531.2008;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.35 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=39.3, 6.3 Hz, 4H), 7.11 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (s, 1H), 4.06 (s, 1H), 2.91 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.00 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.90 (s, 1H), 1.77 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 3H), 1.65-1.38 (m, 5H);

¹³C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 175.91, 155.95, 152.90, 149.69, 149.56, 141.51, 139.49, 139.00, 136.79, 136.65, 130.36, 129.65, 129.57, 128.41, 125.36, 121.60, 121.47, 119.47, 114.57, 102.99, 97.82, 90.95, 60.20, 50.99, 47.90, 40.65, 40.44, 40.23, 40.02, 39.81, 39.60, 39.39, 34.82, 30.89, 29.58, 28.85, 25.70, 24.04, 21.58, 21.37, 19.62, 14.53, −1.78.

Example 11: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (400 mg, 0.86 mmol), 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid (130 mg, 0.86 mmol), potassium phosphate (550 mg, 2.6 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (60 mg, 0.086 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (320 mg, 84%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 444.5[M+H]⁺.

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (500 mg, 0.72 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (460 mg, 2.20 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (50 mg, 0.072 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (320 mg, 0.72 mmol). Then H₂O (0.6 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (250 mg, 48%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 715.2[M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (250 mg, 0.35 mmol) in THF/MeOH (v/v=5 mL/5 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (140 mg, 3.50 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (60 mg, 31%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 547.3[M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 547.1972 [M+H]⁺, (C₃₀H₂₆F₃N₄O₃)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 547.1957;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.33 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 4.78 (s, 1H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 2.90 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 1.96 (d, J=37.0 Hz, 2H), 1.89 (s, 1H), 1.77 (d, J=11.0 Hz, 2H), 1.64-1.30 (m, 5H).

Example 12: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyrimidin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (300 mg, 0.65 mmol), (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)boronic acid (100 mg, 0.77 mmol), potassium phosphate (420 mg, 1.94 mmol) and Pd(dtppf)Cl₂ (50 mg, 0.06 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (130 mg, 48%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 418.2[M+H]⁺.

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (250 mg, 0.34 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (200 mg, 0.93 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (20 mg, 0.03 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (130 mg, 0.31 mmol). Then H₂O (0.6 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 1 h under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (150 mg, 70%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 689.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (150 mg, 0.22 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH (v/v=5 mL/5 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (90 mg, 2.2 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight, then diluted with water (10 mL). The resulting mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (80 mg, 70%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 521.3[M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 521.1906 [M+H]⁺, (C₂₇H₂₄F₃N₆O₂)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 521.1913;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.33 (s, 1H), 8.26 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.99-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (t, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (s, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 2.92 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 1.87 (s, 1H), 1.83-1.67 (m, 3H), 1.58-1.35 (m, 5H).

Example 12a: (2S,3S)-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate Hydrochloride

The title compound was prepared according to the synthetic method disclosed in patent application WO 2015073491.

Step 2: (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

The title compound was prepared by the synthetic method described in step 12 of example 1, using 3-cyano-4-iodo-2,6-dichloro-5-fluoropyridine (2.96 g, 9.34 mmol), (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate hydrochloride (1.87 g, 8.49 mmol), DIPEA (9.30 mL, 56.04 mmol) and solvent acetonitrile (50 mL). The title compound was a light yellow solid (2.11 g, 52%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 478.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

The title compound was prepared by the synthetic method described in step 1 of example 12, using (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (401 mg, 0.84 mmol), (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)boronic acid (128 mg, 1.01 mmol), potassium phosphate (535 mg, 2.52 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (66 mg, 0.08 mmol), and a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL). The title compound prepared was a white solid (185 mg, 51%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 432.9[M+H]⁺.

Step 4: (2S,3S)-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

The title compound was prepared by the synthetic method described in step 2 of example 12, using 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (373 mg, 0.52 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (274 mg, 1.29 mmol), Pd (dtbpf) Cl₂ (26 mg, 0.04 mmol) and (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (185 mg, 0.43 mmol) as reagents and mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (4 mL) and H₂O (0.4 mL). The title compound was a light yellow solid (205 mg, 68%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 703.3 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: (2S,3S)-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure described in step 3 of example 12 using (2S,3S)-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (205 mg, 0.29 mmol), sodium hydroxide (116 mg, 2.9 mmol) and a mixed solvent THF/EtOH/H₂O (v/v/v=3 mL/3 mL/3 mL). The title compound prepared was a white solid (97 mg, 71%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 521.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 13: (+/−)-cis-2-amino-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)thiazole-4-carboxamide

Step 1: (+/−)-cis-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-benzoxyformamidocyclohexane

To a solution of (+/−)-cis-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (5.01 g, 20.6 mmol) in toluene (80 mL) were added triethylamine (4.70 mL, 33.4 mmol) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (5.45 mL, 24.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h under nitrogen protection, then benzyl alcohol (4.32 mL, 41.3 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. After the addition, the mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred overnight under nitrogen protection. After the reaction mixture was cooled, ethyl acetate (60 mL) was added into the mixture, and the resulting mixture was partitioned. The organic layer was washed with water (100 mL) and a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (100 mL) in turn, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a humid light yellow solid, and then the solid was mixed with petroleum ether (80 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min, and then filtered. The filter cake was dried in vacuo to give the title compound as a light yellow solid (6.82 g, 95%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 371.1[M+Na]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.37 (m, 5H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 4.71 (s, 1H), 4.44 (s, 1H), 3.53 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (d, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 1.86 (s, 1H), 1.78 (dd, J=10.8, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 0.99 (m, 3H).

Step 2: (+/−)-cis-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1,3-cyclohexanediamine

To a solution of (+/−)-cis-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1-benzoxy formamidocyclohexane (3.55 g, 10.2 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was added Pd/C (10 w.t % of Pd/C, 1.72 g), and the mixture was stirred at rt overnight in a hydrogen atmosphere at a pressure of 2 MPa. The reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filter cake was washed with ethanol (20 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (3.16 g), which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

MS (ESI, pos.ion) m/z: 215.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-cis-tert-butyl (3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)carbamate

To a solution of 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoro-4-iodonicotinonitrile (380 mg, 1.20 mmol) and (+/−)-cis-N-t-butoxycarbonyl-1,3-cyclohexanediamine (256 mg, 1.19 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added dropwise DIPEA (1.30 mL, 1.79 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 20 h under nitrogen protection, then ethyl acetate (50 mL) was added into the mixture. The mixture was partitioned, and organic layer was washed with water (40 mL) and brine (40 mL) in turn. Then the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=20/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a light yellow solid (214 mg, 36%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 517.0 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 4: (+/−)-cis-tert-butyl (3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)carbamate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) were added (+/−)-cis-tert-butyl (3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl) carbamate (160 mg, 0.32 mmol), phenylboronic acid (40 mg, 0.33 mmol), potassium phosphate (210 mg, 0.99 mmol) and Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (43 mg, 0.07 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad to remove the solid impurity. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (260 mg, 49.21%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.50 (m, 5H), 5.23 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 5.09 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 2.43 (d, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 2.11 (d, J=11.8 Hz, 1H), 2.00 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 2H), 1.87 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 1.47 (m, 9H).

Step 5: (+/−)-cis-tert-butyl (3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)carbamate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (222 mg, 0.31 mmol, 60 w.t %), potassium phosphate (160 mg, 0.75 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (33 mg, 0.05 mmol) and (+/−)-cis-tert-butyl (3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl) carbamate (109 mg, 0.15 mmol). The mixture was heated to 100° C. under nitrogen protection and stirred for 1 h. Then ethyl acetate (50 mL) was added into the mixture, and the resulting mixture was filtered through a celite pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜1/1) to give the title compound as brown oil (109 mg, 62%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 8.66 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (s, 5H), 7.33 (m, 4H), 6.85 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 1H), 4.21 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 2.46 (d, J=11.9 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.24 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 1.89 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 1H), 1.67 (s, 1H), 1.43 (s, 9H).

Step 6: (+/−)-cis-6-((3-aminocyclohexyl)amino)-2-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-H-indol-3-yl)-5-fluoro-4-phenylnicotinonitrile

A suspension of (+/−)-cis-tert-butyl (3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)carbamate (457 mg, 0.64 mmol) in a solution of hydrochloric acid in 1,4-dioxane (3.5 M, 8 mL) was stirred overnight at rt, then concentrated in vacuo. To the residue was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (20 mL), and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (60 mL) in turn, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give brown oil (325 mg), which was used in the next step without further purification.

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 616.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 7: (+/−)-cis-2-amino-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)thiazole-4-carboxamide

A solution of 2-aminothiazole-4-carboxylic acid (40 mg, 028 mmol) and HBTU (201 mg, 0.53 mmol) in a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (2 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (4 mL) was stirred for 10 min at rt, then (+/−)-cis-6-((3-aminocyclohexyl)amino)-2-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-5-fluoro-4-phenylnicotinonitrile (108 mg, 0.18 mmol) and DIPEA (0.10 mL, 0.61 mmol) were added into the mixture. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (30 mL), and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1˜1/5) to give the title compound as a white solid (37 mg, 28%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 8.67 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (dd, J=8.9, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (s, 5H), 7.32 (m, 3H), 7.04 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (ddd, J=11.4, 9.0, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.23 (dd, J=7.8, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.03 (m, 1H), 2.51 (d, J=11.5 Hz, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.28 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.12 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 1H), 1.93 (d, J=14.1 Hz, 1H), 1.76 (s, 2H), 1.59 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H).

Step 8: (+/−)-cis-2-amino-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)thiazole-4-carboxamide

To a solution of (+/−)-cis-2-amino-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)thiazole-4-carboxamide (73 mg, 0.10 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) was added a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (5 M, 3 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was adjusted with aqueous hydrochloric acid (2 M) to pH about 8. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH=100/1˜15/1) to give the title compound as a light yellow solid (13 mg, 22%).

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 588.1750 [M+H]⁺, (C₃₀H₂₅F₃N₇OS)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 588.1793;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm): 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.54 (s, 5H), 6.88 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.42 (s, 1H), 4.04 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 2.28 (d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 4H).

Example 14: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenyl pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (556 mg, 1.20 mmol), 4-phenylboronic acid (132 mg, 1.08 mmol), potassium phosphate (686 mg, 3.23 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (70 mg, 0.108 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (277 mg, 62%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 414.4 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.50 (m, 5H), 5.37 (s, 1H), 4.53 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.43 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (s, 1H), 1.92 (s, 1H), 1.84 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 1.69 (m, 6H).

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (260 mg, 0.35 mmol, 60%), potassium phosphate (178 mg, 0.83 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (50 mg, 0.047 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (114 mg, 0.28 mmol). Then H₂O (0.6 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 80° C. and stirred for 1 h. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (160 mg, 85%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 8.60 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (s, 5H), 7.32 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.85 (t, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (m, 1H), 4.76 (s, 1H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.44 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 1H), 2.02 (s, 1H), 1.68 (m, 8H).

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (78 mg, 0.12 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH (v/v=3 mL/3 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (49 mg, 1.20 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (24 mg, 40%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 517.5 [M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 517.1855 [M+H]⁺, (C₂₉H₂₄F₃N₄O₂)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 517.1851;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm): 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (s, 5H), 6.86 (t, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.80 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.12 (s, 1H), 2.03 (s, 1H), 1.89 (m, 3H), 1.67 (m, 3H), 1.53 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 2H).

Example 15: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-4,6-bis(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4,6-bis(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (232 mg, 0.50 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (32 mg, 0.05 mmol), potassium phosphate (425 mg, 2.00 mmol) and 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (542 mg, 1.25 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1 h under nitrogen protection. After the reaction, to the reaction mixture was added ethyl acetate (60 mL). The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 mL×2) in turn, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (76 mg, 32%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 414.4 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.50 (m, 5H), 5.37 (s, 1H), 4.53 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.43 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (s, 1H), 1.92 (s, 1H), 1.84 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 1.69 (m, 6H).

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-4,6-bis(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4,6-bis(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (56 mg, 0.06 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH/H₂O (v/v/v=1/1/1, 6 mL) was added NaOH (36 mg, 0.90 mmol) in portions. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 6. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (10 mg, 27%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 8.60 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (s, 5H), 7.32 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.85 (t, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (m, 1H), 4.76 (s, 1H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.44 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 1H), 2.02 (s, 1H), 1.68 (m, 8H).

¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm): 176.75, 158.20, 157.89, 156.65, 156.61, 156.33, 153.57, 149.79, 149.62, 149.58, 148.22, 148.09, 148.00, 147.92, 141.19, 139.56, 129.83, 129.28, 129.22, 128.76, 121.40, 121.28, 121.11, 119.89, 114.72, 106.77, 102.92, 102.86, 100.60, 100.51, 96.78, 96.69, 96.63, 96.57, 96.44, 90.73, 50.81, 48.72, 29.51, 29.02, 25.47, 23.64, 21.03, 19.09.

Example 16: (R)-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoic Acid

Step 1: (R)-methyl 3-amino-4,4-dimethylpentanoate

To a solution of (R)-3-amino-4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid (1.01 g, 6.96 mmol) in methanol (60 mL) was added dropwise slowly oxalyl chloride (0.9 mL, 10 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred for 1 h at 0° C., then heated to 65° C. and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was washed with toluene (30 mL×3) and filtered to give the title compound as a white solid (1.11 g, 99%).

Step 2: (R)-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate

A suspension of 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoro-4-iodonicotinonitrile (280 mg, 0.88 mmol), (R)-methyl 3-amino-4,4-dimethylpentanoate (116 mg, 0.73 mmol) and DIPEA (0.77 mL, 4.40 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was stirred at 80° C. overnight under nitrogen protection. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and to the mixture was added ethyl acetate (90 mL). The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (70 mL) and saturated brine (70 mL) in turn, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1) to give the title compound as a light yellow solid (92 g, 29%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 439.9[M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 5.64 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (td, J=9.4, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 2.72 (dd, J=15.1, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 2.46 (dd, J=15.1, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 0.99 (s, 9H).

Step 3: (R)-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) and water (1 mL) were added (R)-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate (360 mg, 0.82 mmol), phenylboronic acid (111 mg, 0.91 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (55 mg, 0.08 mmol) and potassium phosphate (525 mg, 2.47 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1 h under nitrogen protection. The reaction mixture was cooled, and ethyl acetate (80 mL) was added. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (60 mL×2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜1/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (233 mg, 73%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 390.1[M+H]⁺.

Step 4: (R)-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) were added (R)-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate (157 mg, 0.40 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (30 mg, 0.05 mmol), potassium phosphate (258 mg, 1.22 mmol) and 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (230 mg, 0.53 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1 h under nitrogen protection. To the reaction mixture was added ethyl acetate (60 mL), and the mixture was filtered through a celite pad. The filtrate was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 mL×2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as brown oil (157 mg, 59%).

Step 5: (R)-3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoic Acid

To a solution of (R)-methyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate (157 mg, 0.24 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH/H₂O (v/v/v=1/1/1, 6 mL) was added NaOH (98 mg, 2.38 mmol) in portions. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 3 to 4. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (50 mg, 43%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 493.1[M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 493.1838[M+H]⁺, (C₂₉H₂₄F₃N₄O₂)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 493.1851;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm): 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.22 (m, 1H), 7.53 (s, 5H), 6.85 (t, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 2.82 (dd, J=15.2, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (dd, J=15.1, 11.2 Hz, 1H), 1.04 (s, 9H);

¹³C NMR (101 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm): 174.65, 158.32, 158.25, 156.76, 156.69, 152.98, 152.95, 150.70, 150.62, 149.57, 149.47, 147.93, 147.84, 140.48, 138.81, 137.06, 136.97, 131.26, 129.27, 129.23, 129.14, 129.10, 129.04, 128.18, 121.43, 121.34, 118.96, 114.77, 103.21, 103.18, 103.04, 103.01, 96.87, 96.74, 96.67, 96.53, 90.52, 55.49, 35.27, 35.16, 25.66.

Example 17: (+/−)-cis-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenyl pyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxamide

Step 1: (+/−)-cis-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxamide

A solution of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid (15 mg, 0.08 mmol) and HBTU (62 mg, 0.16 mmol) in a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (2 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (4 mL) was stirred for 10 min at rt, then (+/−)-cis-6-((3-aminocyclohexyl)amino)-2-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-5-fluoro-4-phenylnicotinonitrile (33 mg, 0.05 mmol) and DIPEA (0.10 mL, 0.61 mmol) were added into the mixture. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (30 mL), and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=50/1˜10/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (25 mg, 61%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm): 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.82 (dd, J=9.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 5H), 7.49 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (m, 1H), 4.60 (s, 1H), 4.31 (t, J=11.7 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (t, J=11.7 Hz, 1H), 2.43 (s, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.18 (d, J=11.3 Hz, 1H), 2.07 (d, J=11.8 Hz, 1H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.58 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.43 (m, 2H).

Step 2: (+/−)-cis-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxamide

To a solution of (+/−)-cis-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxamide (73 mg, 0.10 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) was added a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (5 M, 3 mL). The mixture was stirred overnight at rt. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was adjusted with aqueous hydrochloric acid (2 M) to pH about 6. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH=100/1˜15/1) to give the title compound as a light yellow solid (27 mg, 47%).

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 606.2211[M+H]⁺, (C₃₄H₂₇F₃N₇O)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 606.2229;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm): 8.52 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.99 (dd, J=10.3, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 5H), 7.35 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (s, 1H), 4.12 (s, 1H), 2.45 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 2H), 2.14 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (d, J=14.5 Hz, 2H), 1.71 (dd, J=9.4, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 1.44 (m, 2H).

Example 18: (+/−)-cis-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenyl pyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide

Step 1: (+/−)-cis-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide

A solution of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid (26 mg, 0.23 mmol) and HBTU (171 mg, 0.45 mmol) in a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (2 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (4 mL) was stirred for 10 min at rt, then (+/−)-cis-6-((3-aminocyclohexyl)amino)-2-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-5-fluoro-4-phenylnicotinonitrile (92 mg, 0.15 mmol) and DIPEA (0.10 mL, 0.61 mmol) were added into the mixture. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (30 mL), and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1˜1/5) to give the title compound as a white solid (78 mg, 73%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (s, 5H), 7.31 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 6.84 (t, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (s, 1H), 4.14 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.29 (d, J=11.3 Hz, 1H), 2.17 (d, J=11.0 Hz, 1H), 1.97 (d, J=14.3 Hz, 1H), 1.63 (m, 4H).

Step 2: (+/−)-cis-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide

To a solution of (+/−)-cis-N-(3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide (73 mg, 0.10 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) was added a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (5 M, 3 mL). The mixture was stirred overnight at rt. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was adjusted with hydrochloric acid (2 M) to pH about 6. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH=100/1˜15/1) to give the title compound as a light yellow solid (27 mg, 47%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 557.2 [M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 557.2012[M+H]⁺, (C₂₉H₂₄F₃N₈O)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 557.2025;

¹H NMR (600 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm): 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.99 (dd, J=10.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (m, 5H), 6.88 (m, 1H), 4.42 (ddd, J=11.8, 8.1, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (m, 1H), 2.41 (d, J=11.7 Hz, 1H), 2.28 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 2.11 (d, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 1.69 (m, 2H), 1.44 (m, 2H);

¹³C NMR (151 MHz, CD₃OD) δ (ppm): 158.24, 153.19, 151.41, 149.38, 149.29, 147.97, 140.83, 140.79, 140.70, 139.03, 136.98, 136.89, 131.21, 129.27, 129.12, 129.06, 128.17, 121.49, 121.46, 121.40, 118.91, 114.54, 102.68, 102.65, 102.51, 97.02, 96.97, 96.83, 96.77, 96.63, 90.33, 48.89, 38.07, 31.75, 31.45, 22.86.

Example 19: (+/−)-trans-3-((6-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: 4,6-dichloro-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine

A solution of 4,6-dichloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine (300 mg, 1.60 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 5 min, then to the solution was added sodium hydroxide (96 mg, 2.4 mmol, 60 mass %). The mixture was stirred for 15 min, and 2-iodopropane (0.32 mL, 3.21 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added H₂O (10 mL) to quench the reaction, and the mixture was partitioned. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1) to give the title compound as yellow oil (315 mg, 86%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 229.0 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 6.65 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 1.56 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 6H).

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

4,6-Dichloro-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine (50 mg, 0.25 mmol), (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (47 mg, 0.26 mmol), cesium carbonate (243 mg, 0.75 mmol), palladium acetate (6 mg, 0.02 mmol) and BINAP (15 mg, 0.02 mmol) were mixed in toluene (3 mL), and a stream of nitrogen was bubbled through the mixture for 10 min to remove the air. The resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1 h under microwave heating. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (30 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (54 mg, 66%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 376.1 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.03 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.41 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.45 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 2.00-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.57 (m, 8H).

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and H₂O (0.2 mL) were added 5-fluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (215 mg, 0.31 mmol, 60 mass %), potassium phosphate (169 mg, 0.78 mmol), X-phos (24 mg, 0.05 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (47 mg, 0.05 mmol), (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (98 mg, 0.26 mmol). A stream of nitrogen was bubbled through the mixture for 10 min to remove the air, then the mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 3 h under microwave heating. After the reaction, the mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1) to give the title compound as yellow oil (66 mg, 40%).

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 8.55 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 6.46 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (s, 1H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 1H), 2.06-1.80 (m, 10H).

Step 4: (+/−)-trans-3-((6-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.17 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH (v/v=1/1, 2 mL) was added a solution of sodium hydroxide (66 mg, 1.66 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 6. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (15 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (30 mg, 42%).

MS (ESI, pos.ion) m/z: 462.1[M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 462.2313[M+H]⁺, (C₂₆H₂₉FN₅O₂) theoretical value: 462.2305;

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.30 (s, 1H), 11.89 (s, 1H), 8.73 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.24 (s, 2H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.44 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.93 (dd, J=91.2, 28.0 Hz, 8H), 1.61 (s, 2H), 1.45 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 6H).

Example 20: (+/−)-trans-3-((6-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1:4,6-dichloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine

A solution of 4,6-dichloro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine (300 mg, 1.60 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 5 min, then to the solution was added sodium hydride (96 mg, 2.4 mmol, 60 mass %). The mixture was stirred for further 15 min, and iodomethane (0.2 mL, 3.21 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added H₂O (20 mL) to quench the reaction, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (300 mg, 93%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 201.2 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H).

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

4,6-Dichloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine (50 mg, 0.25 mmol), (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (69 mg, 0.38 mmol), cesium carbonate (243 mg, 0.75 mmol), palladium acetate (6 mg, 0.02 mmol) and BINAP (15 mg, 0.02 mmol) were mixed in toluene (3 mL), and a stream of nitrogen was bubbled through the mixture for 10 min to remove the air. The resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1 h by microwave heating. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to dry. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1) to give the title compound as corless oil (50 mg, 58%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 348.10 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 6.87 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.38 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.45 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 2.00-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.61 (m, 8H).

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and H₂O (0.2 mL) were added 5-fluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (214 mg, 0.21 mmol, 40 mass %), potassium phosphate (109 mg, 0.52 mmol), X-phos (16 mg, 0.03 mmol) and (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (60 mg, 0.17 mmol). A stream of nitrogen was bubbled through the mixture for 10 min to remove the air, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 3 h at 120° C. by microwave heating. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1) to give the title compound as yellow oil (100 mg, 98%).

MS (ESI, pos.ion) m/z: 603.2 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 8.56 (dd, J=9.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 2.44 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 1H), 1.65-1.38 (m, 10H).

Step 4: (+/−)-trans-3-((6-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.17 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH ((v/v=1/1, 4 mL) was added a solution of sodium hydroxide (66 mg, 1.66 mmol) in water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (20 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 6. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (15 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (30 mg, 42%).

MS (ESI, pos.ion) m/z: 434.3 [M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 434.2003[M+H]⁺, (C₂₄H₂₅FN₅O₂) theoretical value: 434.1992;

¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.28 (s, 1H), 11.88 (s, 1H), 8.73 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.73 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.07 (s, 1H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 1.89-1.73 (m, 3H), 1.64-1.33 (m, 5H).

Example 21: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-phenyl-6-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: 5-bromo-7-tosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine

To dried tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added 5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1.00 g, 5.05 mmol). Sodium hydride (404 mg, 10.10 mmol, 60 mass %) was added to the solution at 0° C., and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Then p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (1.16 g, 6.06 mmol) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was warmed to rt and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with water (100 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (n-hexane/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (1.40 g, 79%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 351.9 [M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.92 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H).

Step 2: 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-7-tosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine

To a single-neck flask were added 5-bromo-7-tosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (500 mg, 1.42 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (540 mg, 2.13 mmol), potassium acetate (278 mg, 2.84 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (115 mg, 0.14 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at 90° C. overnight under nitrogen protection. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and filtered through a celite pad, and the filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (285 mg, 50%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 400.0 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-phenyl-6-(7-tosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and water (0.3 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (70 mg, 0.17 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (24 mg, 0.03 mmol), potassium carbonate (70 mg, 0.50 mmol) and 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-7-tosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (96 mg, 0.24 mmol). A steam of nitrogen was bubbled through the mixture for 10 min to remove the air, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 3 h under a microwave heating condition. To the reaction mixture was added ethyl acetate (60 mL). The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 mL×2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as yellow oil (57 mg, 52%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 651.2[M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 9.68 (s, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J=3.4 Hz, 5H), 7.35 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 1H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 1.95 (s, 2H), 1.78-1.63 (m, 6H).

Step 4: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-phenyl-6-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-phenyl-6-(7-tosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (57 mg, 0.09 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH/H₂O (v/v/v=1/1/1, 3 mL) was added NaOH (35 mg, 0.88 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (20 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 6. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=20/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (30 mg, 71%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 483.3[M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 483.1920[M+H]⁺, (C₂₇H₂₄FN₆O₂) [M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 483.1945;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.66 (s, 1H), 9.69 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 5H), 4.81 (s, 1H), 2.91 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.02 (s, 1H), 1.91 (s, 1H), 1.66-1.35 (m, 8H).

Example 22: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a mixed solvent of toluene (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (301 mg, 0.65 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid (129 mg, 1.51 mmol), palladium acetate (24 mg, 0.11 mmol), PCy₃.BF₄ (39 mg, 0.11 mmol) and potassium phosphate (686 mg, 3.24 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 11 h under nitrogen protection. The reaction mixture was cooled, and ethyl acetate (80 mL) was added. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (60 mL×2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜1/1) to give the title compound as brown oil (204 mg, 83%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 378.2[M+H]⁺;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 5.43 (s, 1H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 4.50 (s, 1H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 2.40 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 2.36 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 2H), 1.83 (dd, J=27.3, 12.1 Hz, 6H).

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and water (0.3 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.26 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (38 mg, 0.05 mmol), potassium carbonate (109 mg, 0.78 mmol) and 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-7-tosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (148 mg, 0.37 mmol). A stream of nitrogen was bubbled through the mixture for 10 min, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 3 h by microwave heating. To the reaction mixture was added ethyl acetate (60 mL). The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 mL×2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as yellow oil (65 mg, 40%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 461.3[M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (57 mg, 0.09 mmol) in THF/MeOH/H₂O (v/v/v=1/1/1, 1 mL) was added NaOH (35 mg, 0.88 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 6. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=20/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (30 mg, 71%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 447.1[M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 447.1920[M+H]⁺, (C₂₄H₂₄FN₆O₂)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 447.1945;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.72 (s, 1H), 9.62 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (s, 1H), 2.88 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (s, 1H), 1.83 (s, 1H), 1.74 (s, 2H), 1.58-1.28 (m, 6H).

Example 23: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)-6-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

Step 1: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a mixed solvent of DMF (4 mL) and water (0.5 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.22 mmol), furan-2-ylboronic acid (26 mg, 0.24 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (24 mg, 0.02 mmol) and an aqueous sodium carbonate solution (0.65 mol, 0.65 mmol, 1 M). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight under nitrogen protection. The reaction mixture was cooled and ethyl acetate (80 mL) was added. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (60 mL×2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜1/1) to give the title compound as yellow oil (87 mg, 100%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 404.1[M+H]⁺.

Step 2: (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)-6-(7-tosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and water (0.3 mL) were added (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (92 mg, 0.23 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (33 mg, 0.05 mmol), potassium carbonate (94 mg, 0.68 mmol) and 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-7-tosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (127 mg, 0.32 mmol). A stream of nitrogen was bubbled through the mixture for 5 min to remove the air, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 3 h under a microwave heating. To the reaction mixture was added ethyl acetate (60 mL). The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 mL×2), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as yellow oil (81 mg, 55%).

Step 3: (+/−)-trans-3-((5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)-6-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (+/−)-trans-methyl 3-((5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)-6-(7-tosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (81 mg, 0.13 mmol) in a mixed solvent THF/MeOH/H₂O (v/v/v=1/1/1, 3 mL) was added NaOH (50 mg, 1.30 mmol) in portions. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL), and the mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1 M) to pH about 6. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=20/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (30 mg, 71%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 473.1[M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 473.1748 [M+H]⁺, (C₂₅H₂₂FN₆O₃)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 473.1737;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 12.78 (s, 1H), 9.62 (s, 1H), 8.89 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 6.81 (dd, J=3.3, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 1.89 (s, 1H), 1.85-1.65 (m, 4H), 1.63-1.46 (m, 4H).

Example 24: (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

Step 1: (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate Hydrochloride

The title compound was prepared according to the synthetic method disclosed in patent application WO 2015073491.

Step 2: (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

A suspension of 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoro-4-iodonicotinonitrile (1.50 g, 4.70 mmol), (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate hydrochloride (1.45 g, 6.20 mmol), DIPEA (1.80 g, 14.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (30 mL) was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and to the mixture was added ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (30 mL) and saturated brine (40 mL) in turn, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1) to give the title compound as a light yellow solid (1.87 g, 83%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 476.5[M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino) bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (400 mg, 0.83 mmol), 2-furanboronic acid (100 mg, 0.92 mmol), potassium phosphate (550 mg, 2.51 mmol) and Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (54 mg, 0.08 mmol), then to the mixture was added water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min under nitrogen protection. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad to remove the solid impurity. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (220 mg, 62%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 418.0[M+H]⁺.

Step 4: (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added 5,7-difluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole (225 mg, 0.52 mmol), potassium phosphate (400 mg, 1.86 mmol), Pd(dtbpf)Cl₂ (40 mg, 0.06 mmol) and (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (220 mg, 0.52 mmol). Then H₂O (1 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad to remove the solid impurity. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (330 mg, 91%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 689.3[M+H]⁺.

Step 5: (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate

To a solution of TBAF in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL, 10 mmol, 1 M) was added (2S,3S)-ethyl 3-((5-cyano-6-(5,7-difluoro-1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-fluoro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylate (330 mg, 0.47 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux and stirred overnight. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent. To the residue was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (10 mL), and the resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=20/1˜15/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (100 mg, 39%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 535.1[M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 535.1964 [M+H]⁺, (C₂₉H₂₆F₃N₄O₃)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 535.1957;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J=14.5, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.33 (s, 1H), 4.96 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.02 (m, 2H), 2.47 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.15 (s, 1H), 2.06 (s, 1H), 1.96 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 1.71 (m, 5H), 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 25: (R)-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate

Step 1: (R)-methyl 3-amino-4,4-dimethylpentanoate

To a solution of (R)-3-amino-4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid (1.01 g, 6.96 mmol) in methanol (60 mL) was added dropwise slowly oxalyl chloride (0.9 mL, 10 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred for 1 h maintaining at this temperature, then heated to 65° C. and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to dry, and the residue was washed with toluene (30 mL×3) and filtered to give the title compound as a white solid (1.11 g, 99%).

Step 2: (R)-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate

A suspension of 3-cyano-4-iodo-2,6-dichloro-5-fluoropyridine (1.50 g, 4.70 mmol), (R)-methyl 3-amino-4,4-dimethylpentanoate (1.56 g, 5.68 mmol) and DIPEA (1.80 g, 14.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (30 mL) was heated to reflux and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (30 mL) and saturated brine (20 mL) in turn, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=5/1) to give the title compound as a light yellow solid (1.50 g, 72%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 440.1[M+H]⁺.

Step 3: (R)-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate

To a suspension of (R)-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-3-fluoro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate (170 mg, 0.38 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid (46 mg, 0.54 mmol), potassium phosphate (330 mg, 1.54 mmol), palladium acetate (17 mg, 0.08 mmol) and tricyclohexylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate (56 mg, 0.15 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was added water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 24 h. The mixture was filtered to remove the solid impurities, and the filtrate was concentrated to remove the solvent. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜5/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (100 mg, 73%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 354.5[M+H]⁺.

Step 4: (R)-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate

To 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) were added 5-fluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (313 mg, 0.34 mmol, 45 mass %), potassium phosphate (200 mg, 0.93 mmol), Pd(dtpdf)Cl₂ (20 mg, 0.03 mmol) and (R)-methyl 3-((6-chloro-5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate (100 mg, 0.28 mmol). Then H₂O (1 mL) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad to remove the solid impurity. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc (v/v)=10/1˜4/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (108 mg, 62%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 608.1[M+H]⁺.

Step 5: (R)-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate

To a solution of TBAF in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL, 15 mmol, 1 M) was added (R)-methyl 3-((5-cyano-4-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-6-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)-4,4-dimethylpentanoate (108 mg, 0.17 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux and stirred overnight. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture concentrate to remove the solvent, and to the residue was added a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution (20 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (v/v)=20/1˜15/1) to give the title compound as a white solid (12 mg, 15%).

MS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 454.6[M+H]⁺;

HRMS (ESI, pos. ion) m/z: 454.2049[M+H]⁺, (C₂₄H₂₆F₂N₅O₂)[M+H]⁺ theoretical value: 454.2055;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 10.19 (s, 1H), 8.62 (dd, J=9.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.48 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 4.88 (td, J=9.9, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 2.82 (dd, J=14.8, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 2.49 (dd, J=14.7, 9.7 Hz, 1H), 2.02 (ddd, J=11.0, 8.5, 5.7 Hz, 2H), 1.21 (dd, J=5.7, 3.4 Hz, 4H), 1.02 (s, 9H).

EXAMPLES OF BIOLOGICAL ASSAY Example A: Antiviral and Cytotoxicity Assay

1. Cytopathic Effect Assay (CPE Assay)

Detection of the inhibitory effect of the compound of the invention against cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by virus H1N1 A/Weiss/43 on cellular level in vitro.

experimental procedure: MDCK cells were seeded in a 384-well plate with 2000 cells per well and cultured at 37° C. and 5% CO₂ overnight. Next day, cell culture medium was exchanged with fresh medium containing relevant concentrations of test compounds and virus H1N1 A/Weiss/43 at a multiplicity of infection to yield 80-95% CPE. The highest tested concentration of the compounds were 100 nM and then the compounds were diluted by 3-fold serially for a total of 8 concentrations at 100 nM, 33.33 nM, 11.11 nM, 3.70 nM, 1.23 nM, 0.41 nM, 0.14 nM, 0.05 nM. A cytotoxicity test group without influenza virus containing relevant concentrations of compound was set, while a virus control group without drug and a no virus infecting cell control group without drug were set at the same time. Each group was set in duplicate, and incubated at 37° C. under 5% CO₂ condition for 5 days. The cell activity was detected by using CCK-8 kits, and the data were used for calculating the antiviral effect and cytotoxicity against virus-infected cell of the compound. Data were analyzed by using GraphPad Prism software, and the CPE inhibition ratio was calculated. EC₅₀ value was obtained according to the curve fitting. CPE inhibition ratio=(absorbance of dosing well−absorbance of virus control well)/(absorbance of cell control well−absorbance of virus control well)×100%

TABLE 1 Inhibitory acitivities of compounds of the invention aganist influenza virus (A/Weiss/43(H1N1)) in vitro Example No. EC₅₀ (nM) Example 1 0.27 Example 8 5.09 Example 9 0.49 Example 12a 0.96 Example 14 10.46 Example 20 2.58

Table 1 shows that the compounds of the invention have good anti-influenza virus activities.

Example B: Pharmacokinetic Evaluation after Administering a Certain Amount of the Compound of the Invention by Intravenous or Oral to Rats

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of the compound of the invention in SD rat were evaluated. The compounds disclosed herein were administered in form of a saline solution containing 5% DMSO, 5% Kolliphor HS 15 and 90% Saline. For intravenous administration (i.v.), the animals were administered with a dose of 1 mg/kg, and blood samples (0.3 mL) were collected at the time points of 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 24 h after drug administration, then each blood sample was processed to separate plasma by centrifugation at 3000 rpm or 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. For oral administration (p.o.), the animals were administered with a dose of 5 mg/kg, and blood samples (0.3 mL) were collected at the time points of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 24 h after drug administration, then each blood sample was processed to separate plasma by centrifugation at 3000 rpm or 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. Plasma samples were collected and stored at −20° C. or −70° C. until LC/MS/MS analysis.

TABLE 2 Pharmacokinetic data of the compounds of the invention in vivo of SD rat Test Admini- AUC_(last) AUC_(INF) compound stration T_(max) C_(max) t_(1/2) hr*ng/ hr*ng/ F CL Vss route mg/kg dosage h ng/mL h mL mL % L/h/Kg L/Kg Example 1 iv 1 0.083 6560 1.24 5680 5710 N/A 3.86 0.231 po 5 1.1 5780 1.52 21300 21600 83.9 N/A N/A Example 3 iv 1 0.083 4340 1.13 2580 2620 N/A 7.18 1.98 po 5 0.35 8860 1.76 12600 13100 104.6 N/A N/A Example 9 iv 1 0.083 3640 2.15 2640 2710 N/A 5.46 0.551 po 5 0.46 2850 3.39 8140 8230 65.2 N/A N/A Example 14 iv 1 0.083 4130 1.31 3450 3520 N/A 5.12 0.432 po 5 1.22 2980 1.46 10100 10300 74.6 N/A N/A

Notes: Control compound is (+/−)-trans-3-((5-fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-carboxylic acid (The specific synthetic procedure was seen in patent WO 2010148197); AUC_(last)—AUC of 0 to 24 h; AUC_(INF)—AUC of 0 to infinite time.

Table 2 shows that C_(max), AUC_(last) and AUC_(INF) of the compounds of the invention in SD rats are high for both intravenous administration and oral administration. It indicates that the compounds of the invention have high exposure level and good absorption, thus the compounds of the invention have good pharmacokinetic properties.

Reference throughout this specification to “an embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “one embodiment”, “another example,” “an example,” “a specific examples,” or “some examples,” means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases such as “in some embodiments,” “in one embodiment”, “in an embodiment”, “in another example, “in an example,” “in a specific examples,” or “in some examples,” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment or example of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

Although explanatory embodiments have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments cannot be construed to limit the present disclosure, and changes, alternatives, and modifications can be made in the embodiments without departing from spirit, principles and scope of the present disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound having Formula (I) or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof,

wherein A is

wherein U₁ is N or CR¹; U₂ is N or CR²; U₃ is N or CR³; U₄ is N or CR⁴; each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ is independently H, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl or C₂₋₆ alkynyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl and C₂₋₆ alkynyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene or R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene; each of R⁶ and R⁸ is independently H, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′; R⁷ is —OR^(g), methyl, C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 16-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 16-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 16-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 16-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′; or, R⁶ and R⁷, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, or R⁷ and R⁸, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring or 5- to 10-membered heteroaromatic ring, and wherein each of C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring and 5- to 10-membered heteroaromatic ring is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′; each R′ is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene, R^(d)R^(e)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 8-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 8-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, R^(b)O—C₁₋₄ alkylene or R^(d)R^(c)N—C₁₋₄ alkylene; R⁹ is H, D or C₁₋₆ alkyl, and wherein C₁₋₆ alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂ or —OR^(b); W is C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl or 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₈ alkyl, C₃₋₁₂ carbocyclyl and 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R^(w); each R^(w) is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, oxo (═O), —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(h), —NR^(e)C(═O)R^(a), —NR^(e)C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —S(═O)₂R^(f), —S(═O)₂NR^(e)C(═O)R^(a), —S(═O)₂NR^(c)R^(d), (R^(b)O)₂P(═O)—C₀₋₂ alkylene, —OR^(b), R^(b)O—C₁I₂ alkylene, C₁₋₆ alkyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl and 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, N₃, oxo (═O), NO₂, —OR^(b), C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; each R^(a), R^(b), R^(c), R^(d), R^(e) and R^(f) is independently H, D, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene; or, R^(c) and R^(d), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl and 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, NO₂, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ alkylamino; R^(g) is C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered hereocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered hereocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, NO₂, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ alkylamino; R^(h) is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene; or R^(c) and R^(h), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl, (3- to 12-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl and 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, NO₂, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or C₁₋₆ alkylamino.
 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein A is one of the following sub-formulae:


3. The compound of claim 1, wherein A is one of the following sub-formulae:


4. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ is independently H, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl, and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and i-propyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d) and C₁₋₃ haloalkyl.
 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R⁶ and R⁸ is independently H, D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(b), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′; R⁷ is —OR^(g), methyl, C₂₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 14-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, and wherein each of C₂₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl-C₁₋₄ alkylene, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 14-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₄ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′; or, R⁶ and R⁷, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, or R⁷ and R⁸, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring or 5- to 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, and wherein each of C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, C₆₋₁₀ aromatic ring and 5- to 6-membered heteroaromatic ring is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′; each R′ is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₃ haloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, —OR^(b), —NR^(c)R^(d), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl.
 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein R⁷ is —OR^(g), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, phenoxathiinyl,

and wherein each of ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, phenoxathiinyl,

is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′; or, R⁶ and R⁷, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, or R⁷ and R⁸, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl or isoquinolyl, and wherein each of the C₃₋₆ carbocyclic ring, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring, phenyl, naphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, benzimdazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, purinyl, quinolyl and isoquinolyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R′.
 7. The compound of claim 1, wherein R^(g) is C₁₋₃ haloalkyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, naphthyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene, and wherein each of ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl, C₅₋₆ carbocyclyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, naphthyl-C₁₋₂ alkylene, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 6-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃, —CF₃, —OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₃ or C₁₋₃ alkylamino.
 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein R⁹ is H, D, CF₃, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i-propyl.
 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein W is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₅₋₈ carbocyclyl or 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₅₋₈ carbocyclyl and 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R^(w); each R^(w) is independently D, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO₂, oxo (═O), —C(═O)OCH₃, —C(═O)OCH₂CH₃, —C(═O)OH, —C(═O)NR^(c)R^(h), —NHC(═O)R^(a), —NHC(═O)NR^(c)R^(d), —S(═O)₂R^(f), —S(═O)₂NHC(═O)R^(a), —S(═O)₂NR^(c)R^(d), (R^(b)O)₂P(═O)—C₀₋₂ alkylene, —OR^(b), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl or 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imdazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl and 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, Br, CN, N₃, oxo (═O), NO₂, —OCH₃, C₁₋₃ alkyl or C₁₋₃ haloalkyl.
 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein W is one of the following sub-formulae:

wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or
 4. 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein each R^(a), R^(b), R^(c), R^(d), R^(e) and R^(f) is independently H, D, trifluoromethyl, methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene; or, R^(c) and R^(d), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, and wherein each of methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, C₃₋₆ carbocyclyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl and (5- to 10-membered heteroaryl)-C₁₋₂ alkylene is independently unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents independently selected from D, F, Cl, CN, OH, NH₂, C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₃ haloalkyl or methoxy.
 12. A compound having one of the following structures:

or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof.
 13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1, and at least one of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, vehicles or a combination thereof.
 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 13 further comprising one or more therapeutic agents, and wherein the therapeutic agent is an anti-influenza virus agent or anti-influenza virus vaccine.
 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 14, wherein the anti-influenza virus agent is amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, laninamivir, laninamivir octanoate hydrate, favipiravir, arbidol, ribavirin, stachyflin, ingavirin, fludase, CAS no. 1422050-75-6, JNJ-872 or a combination thereof.
 16. A method of preventing, managing, treating or lessening a disorder or disease caused by a virus infection in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is an influenza virus infection.
 17. A method of inhibiting an influenza virus RNA polymerase in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim
 1. 18. A method of preventing, managing, treating or lessening a disorder or disease caused by a virus infection in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 13, wherein the virus infection is an influenza virus infection.
 19. A method of inhibiting an influenza virus RNA polymerase in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim
 13. 